Andy Beth Miller of The Takeout undertook the laborious task of evaluating the many beef sandwiches available across the United States and selecting the best from each state. Seriously, there's a methodology section at the end because this is science.

Part of good scientific research is replication of experiments, for which I volunteer myself as tribute.

Seven of the sandwiches are reubens, of course. But this one pictured above also has my attention: the three-way roast beef from The Modern Butcher in Danvers, Massachusetts. It's a delicacy available only one day a week because preparation includes a 16-hour sous vide. It has garlic, mayonnaise, and very rare roast beef.

Photo:The Modern Butcher

Flightradar24 is an internet service that tracks aircraft flights all over the world. If a plane flies overhead, you can point your phone to it and pull up the aircraft type, the flight number, its origin and destination, and even its altitude and speed. You can also look up historical tracking information. Aviation enthusiasts rely on Flightradar24.  

Flightradar24 also has a blog, where they post aviation news, airport incidents, crashes and near misses, and general information. A recent post is titled Investigators release preliminary report on LEGO 747 and Space Shuttle crash. The LEGO Space Shuttle was being transported by the 747 when the accident occurred, which is described as "a kinetic encounter with a Felis catus." Accompanying photos show the crash site and debris field, as well as the alleged perpetrator. There is also a chart detailing the Owner/Operator Information, just as it would for any other crash. And 129 comments from aviation enthusiasts, including one urging an investigation by the FAA (Feline Accident Avoidance) and the NTSB (Never Trust Silly BlackCats). -via Metafilter 

Have you noticed that people who never talk about or even think about soccer (also known as football) are suddenly fans, or maybe even experts? This is particularly true of Americans, because North America is hosting the World Cup. There are also those who are soccer fans once every four years, when the World Cup happens elsewhere. Or the Olympics, when you find yourself wrapped up in women's gymnastics for a short time, but then switch to speed skating two years later. Meanwhile, you haven't paid attention to anything outside of baseball. Or maybe not even that. So many people only care about American football for one weekend in February, or horse racing on the first Sunday in May. If you don't keep up the rest of the time, it might be difficult to bluff your way through, as Ryan George demonstrates here. -via Geeks Are Sexy 

In case you aren't even trying, the 2026 World Cup comes to an end tomorrow when Spain and Argentina play at 3 Eastern Time.     

Like actor Ed O'Neill, I'm only vaguely aware of Taylor Swift. I know that Batboy was caught flipping a grunt, but that's about the extent of my cognizance of pop culture.

Fortunately, I have teenage daughters who tell me that there are numerous references in this video to Taylor Swift songs including "Getaway Car" and "Cruel Summer" in just the first 20 seconds of this video (they declined to watch any more of it) by Dustin Ballard's There I Ruined It.

Other Ballard videos in this theme include music by AC/DC, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Pearl Jam, and the bro country genre of music.

The last royal family of Russia were the Romanovs, headed by Tsar Nicholas II and his wife Alexandra, a German princess and granddaughter of Queen Victoria. They produced four daughters, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia, and then finally a male heir, Alexei. But Alexei was hemophiliac, and it seemed like the Romanov dynasty was doomed. That was true, but it wasn't due to the lack of a healthy male heir. 

The Romanovs were great proponents of photography, and documented much of their family life in pictures. Official photographs were numerous, and stood in place of an accessible monarch. But they also took lots of private photos, which they guarded as fiercely as they did their private family life. Under pressure from revolutionaries, Nicholas abdicated the throne in 1917, and the entire family was killed in a sudden and particularly gory execution in July of 1918. The new Soviet government tried to find and destroy all images of the royal family that they could, but official photos were already available internationally, and six private photo albums were smuggled out of Russia soon after the executions. It was the last thing the family would have wanted, but those private photos are now public domain. See a selection of images from the private life of the Romanov family, along with their story, at Smithsonian.  -via Strange Company 

A group of first class domino experts got together to break a Guinness World Record. And they did, on June 20th, when they toppled a 3D pyramid containing 29,193 dominos. But would you believe that is about the least interesting part of this sequence? This 123,456-piece domino fall takes up a whole gym, and it's quite entertaining. 

There are lots of mind bending side quests, while the main line continues in a back-and-forth manner intended to give you enough time to enjoy the side quest without losing the point of progress. I had to go back and watch the pair of gummy bears again to figure out how they made them fall twice. There are a couple of places where an art piece did not entirely fall. That seems a shame, but maybe they were just setting the viewer up for the surprise duck. In between sequences, there are non-domino transitions that make this a truly Rube Goldberg contraption, and they often don't work the way you expect them to. After all that, the record-breaking pyramid didn't seem all that important, but overall, it's quite a ride. -via Born in Space 

It is hot outside. Like, really hot. Dangerously hot if you stay out too long.

Sora News 24 brings us a solution from Japan. The company SRDS manufactures refrigerators and vending machines. It has re-purposed some of its designs to create boxes where people can seek temporary relief from the heat a 59ºF environment.

The Do Hiemon Box provides a seat and blows cold air on the head, neck, shoulders, and back to prevent and counteract heat exhaustion.

The machine has three airflow settings and automatically shuts off after 20 minutes of use. One is already in public use at the city hall of Maebashi in central Honshu.

In the 1980s, before everyone was on the internet, Japanese photographer Satoru Tsuda created a sensation with Namennayo cats (sometimes also called Nameneko). These cats dressed like high school gangsters and juvenile delinquents, among other characters, and posed rebelliously in elaborate miniature settings. They could be seen smoking in the boy's room, sneaking kisses, peeping into the girl's bathroom, showing off their motorcycles, and intimidating normal adults. Since they couldn't be passed around on the internet, these cat photos were purchased, and each sold in the millions. While that's about as viral as you could get in those days, Namennayo were little known outside of Japan.



Like Harry Whittier Frees almost a century earlier, Tsuda trained kittens from an early age to wear clothing specially designed for them, and posed them gently and patiently for short periods of time. Read about how Tsuda came to develop Namennayo and see more of these cats at Flashbak.  -Thanks, WTM!  

Little Horrors Glassworks in Atlanta produces works of stained glass that are terrifying and amusing if you have a sick sense of humor like I do. Her corpus includes many facehuggers from the Alien franchise because you always need more facehuggers in your life.

Yokai are a Japanese pantheom of supernatural folklore spirits that range from demonic to the beneficial. They include monsters, ghosts, and demons, which aren't always separate categories as they are in the West. Kitsune is the one you are most likely to run into today. 

Foxes are known for being cute and intelligent, so clever that it was easy to ascribe superpowers to them, which is exactly what happened in ancient Japan. The supernatural fox called Kitsune could be a mischievous prankster, a shapeshifter, a protector, a blessing, or a spirit that possessed humans, depending on the time and place. They are rarely 100% malevolent, but they can ruin your life in order to teach you a lesson. Kitsune can take a form of a beautiful woman, and in some cases even reproduce with humans to provide hybrid offspring or some form of Kitsune ancestry. 

Dr. Emily Zarka explain Kitsune, from ancient tales (with many tails) to modern depictions in pop culture, including a bizarre (and clueless) American plan for weaponing Kitsune against the Japanese during World War II. 

African penguins are a critically-endangered species, but the New England Aquarium in Boston has a thriving colony. These penguins usually live 10-15 years in the wild, but in the aquarium's protective environment, they can live to more than twice that age. Earlier this year, the aquarium designed a separate island as a geriatric ward, sort of a retirement home, for six penguins. Four of them are in their 30s, and two others, aged 29 and 14, were included because they are mates of the older penguins. The penguins are dealing with maladies like arthritis or cataracts that penguins in the wild rarely survive long enough to suffer. 

The new island separates the "retired" penguins from the more rambunctious younger birds, although they are still in sight. It is equipped with level mats that make it easier for older penguins to get around and to find their way despite poor eyesight. They also get world class medical treatment and nutritional supplements for their aches and pains. Read about each individual retired penguin and their new home in a press release. You can read more about meeting the penguins' medical needs at National Geographic, although you'll have to sign up for notifications to read it. -via Metafilter 

(Image credit: Vanessa Khan/New England Aquarium) 

The National Museum of Civil War Medicine in Frederick, Maryland is, apparently, a romantic venue for couples. A few days ago, Jacob and Selena became engaged there when Jacob dropped to one knee and popped the research question.

Note that the museum was an enthusiastic participant in the plot. I gather that it allowed Jacob to place the engagement ring in an exhibit and direct attention to it with an official marker.

How do you set the mood? Direct your lady to a mock-up of some grisly surgical procedure. Then wait for her to read the placard and turn around.

-via Patrick Heizer

We think of time as a constant, sometimes the only constant, in our lives. It's true that time seems to pass much more quickly as we get older, but that's just a matter of human perception. The way we measure time varies from place to place and from culture to culture, so we manage to confuse ourselves about it. Human perception of time can't always be trusted, but objective time isn't always constant, either. It's mind boggling how time itself can vary once you get away from the earth, whether it's merely on a mountaintop or in outer space. Chill Dude Explains (previously at Neatorama) gives us a list of ten anomalies in time, from the mundane and easily understood to the cosmic. There are no time machines here, just real examples of time distortion, or at least distortions in the way we understand time. The mispronounced word in this video is Byzantine. 

When the Vikings settled Iceland a thousand years ago, it had plenty of forests, but the trees were cut down to build homes and ships, and to clear the land for livestock. That led to erosion and poor agriculture. For centuries, the only wood available to build homes was driftwood. So people instead built homes using wood for only the roof supports and doors, and filled in the walls and roof with turf. These homes were innovative, and today would be called sustainable and charming, but they weren't what we'd call pleasant to live in. 

For one thing, if you had a decent-sized turf home, you were obliged to take in all family members, plus widows and other indigent people as servants. These all lived together in one room upstairs with the family's children. Downstairs, you might need to take sheep inside to gain a little extra warmth. Besides that, the turf tranferred moisture inside. They may be traditional, but when imported lumber became available, Icelanders rushed to replace their turf houses with wooden structures. This was not only for comfort, but to shed their reputation as uncivilized. Read about life in the turf houses of Iceland at JStor. 

X user Patrick Heizer brings to our attention this geographical oddity. Under the current law of the sea, nations have exclusive economic regulatory authority over a certain distance beyond their territorial seas.

Many of these claims overlap each other or lead to unusual borders for the exclusive economic zones. The Bering Sea Donut Hole refers to one such area that was heavily overfished in the 1980s. Several nations with large fishing fleets rejected American claims to the maritime region.

The Donut Hole Convention (as it was popularly but not officially called) is a 1994 treaty between the United States, Russia, Poland, Korea, Japan, and China determining the status of the area.