Many people don't realize that William Shakespeare's play The Tragedy of Macbeth was inspired by a real king named Macbeth, or formally Macbethad mac Findláech. He was a Scottish king from 1040 until 1057. Anyone unfamiliar with the real Macbeth can be forgiven, since that was 1000 years ago and there have been a lot of kings in a lot of countries since then. Shakespeare obviously fictionalized the story, adding the prophesies of three witches that eventually came true. They aren't the only witches in the play, and there are also ghosts and prophetic visions. But Shakespeare added more than the supernatural elements to craft his story- like lots and lots of murder. Five hundred years after the fact, the bard made a really tragic and compelling story out of the few facts we know about Macbeth's reign and the details that were added much later. In this TED-Ed lesson, Benjamin Hudson explains the many reasons Shakespeare had for crafting the tale of Macbeth the way he did.

Ross Island in Antarctica has a bus that transports people between the airport, McMurdo Station, and New Zealand’s Scott Base. But this is no ordinary bus. This transport vehicle is 46 feet long, and 12.5 feet wide, and it can hold 56 passengers. Its name is Ivan the Terra Bus. Ivan's tires are nearly six feet in diameter, and passengers must climb a ladder to get in. The bus was slow, but could drive through weather and terrain that other transport options couldn't. And Ivan served Ross Island faithfully for 30 years.

The very day the bus first arrived in 1994, a driver backed into a bollard, leaving a dent in the rear which has never been repaired. It's part of the bus's historic charm. The inside is covered in stickers, commemorating its riders' various adventures in Antarctica. But after 30 years, replacement parts were getting hard to obtain, and the bus was officially retired. However, Ivan the Terra Bus's fans hated to think that the bus would go to the scrap heap, and they rallied to make sure it would be preserved for posterity. Read up on the legacy of Ivan the Terra Bus, including the story behind its name, at Atlas Obscura.

(Image credit: Eli Duke)

When I heard a new record was set for the longest tail on a cat, I first thought about measuring my cat's tails, because they are pretty long. But when I got a glimpse of Pugsley Addams, I knew there was no point in doing so. This Maine coon cat from Mound, Minnesota drags around a feather duster that can't be topped! Pugsley belongs to the Cameron family, who has four Maine coon cats: Pugsley, Gomez, Winnie, and Duchess. They knew Pugsley had an exceptional tail, but only when his veterinarian expressed amazement did they think about a world record. The existing record for a tail on a living domestic cat was 16 inches, and Pugsley's was longer. Guinness World Record officials determined Pugsley's tail is 18.5 inches (46.99 centimeters) long!

But he may beat his own record in time. Pugsley is only two years old, and Maine coon cats often don't reach their full size until they are four or five years old. Read more about this long-tailed cat and how he and his brother Gomez resemble their Addams Family namesakes at the Guinness site. -via Boing Boing

In Buddhism, the word "buddha" means "enlightened one." Then there's the Buddha, a man named Siddhartha Gautama who was the founder and sacred embodiment of the religion. We honestly don't know many facts about his life, because no written records existed until centuries after his lifetime. We don't even know when that lifetime was, although it was said to be somewhere around the sixth century BCE. But we do know that he was born in the village of Lumbini in Nepal, near the Indian border.

Lumbini with its many Buddhist temples and monasteries thrives economically because of tourism, but suffers from avid tourists taking anything that's not nailed down as a souvenir. At the same time, archaeologists are sifting through Lumbini's past to research the actual life of Siddhartha Gautama and separate the facts from the magical and sometimes contradictory legends that have grown around him. Read what has been discovered so far at Smithsonian magazine.

When I read how this animated sequence was made, I was impressed. But is the finished product any good? Yeah, it's the story of a miniature man who must save his miniature puppy from an evil Roomba. Now for the technical stuff. Wren from Corridor Digital acted out the part wearing motion capture equipment that digitized his moves. Then our hero's figure was rendered in plastic parts for every necessary movement by a 3D printer and assembled for each frame! Finally, each figure was photographed individually to create the film. They printed up more than 2,000 parts for this sequence, and the assembly and frame-by-frame photography took a lot of time. But they proved it could be done. Then they sold off those parts as an assemble-it-yourself Wren action figure. Since they sold out, they decided they could make more. If you're interested in the process of producing this type of animation, there's a 23-minute behind the scenes video. -via The Awesomer

You may or may not have heard the term squircle before, but if you are in the design business, you certainly already know that a squircle is a shape between a square and a circle. But that doesn't mean it's a square with rounded corners. Oh no! In the graphic above, the figures are a square, a rounded square, a squircle, and a circle. The difference between a rounded square and a squircle is that a squircle doesn't have any straight lines, whereas a rounded squard retains the straight sides of a square. Which you prefer is up to you, but plenty of people find it more pleasant to see continuous curves of a squircle.

One place you've seen squircles are in dishes, because a squircle-shaped plate can hold more food than a round one, without the sharp edges of a square plate. They've also been associated with Apple products. But what I see when I saw examples of squircles are cathode-ray TV screens. Commenters at Metafilter point out that this shape is also known as a superellipse, in case you want to explore its mathematiucal formula.

(Image source: Webflow)

When we go to another country, we often get recommendations for vaccinations that will protect us from diseases we don't worry about at home. It would be the same for time travelers, depending on what era of history they are going to. For example, I might be able to travel to a time where smallpox was rampant, but my children would not, since they never got the smallpox vaccine. In the 21st century, we don't worry about the plague or leprosy because they are treatable, but going to the past means you also go back to when we didn't have antibiotics, so you'd better take some.

Modern medical science is a wonderful thing, but keep in mind that we still don't know everything. If you travel to the future, you may find yourself in the middle of a sigma flu epidemic, and you are the only one in town who hasn't had a sigma flu shot -because you've never heard of sigma flu. Hank Green gives us some perspective on that one aspect of time travel that science fiction writers never think of. There's a 30-second skippable promotional ad at 4:22.

Britain has an awful lot of stone circles, but Stonehenge stands head and shoulders above them all, not just for its size, but for its mysterious origins. Other British circles are constructed with local stones, while Stonehenge has several different kinds of stones, the nearest coming from 14 miles away. Recently, a thorough analysis of the Altar Stone has been completed, and its origin has been located in the Orcadian Basin in northeast Scotland. That means that some Neolithic team transported that stone at least 465 miles! They don't yet know how the 13,000-pound stone was delivered to Salisbury, but there are theories.

The Alter Stone could be an entry in a multi-cultural collaboration to build Stonehenge. The fact that some stones were as close as 14 miles, and others came from Wales, and the Alter Stone from Scotland, hint that different communities contributed their most impressive stones. Read about the Alter Stone and the latest in what Stonehenge might mean at Smithsonian.

One of the great things about having children or pets is that they give you an excuse to play with toys and build things. Making videos for YouTube is another great excuse. Half-Asleep Chris takes full advantage of this situation to have fun building forts for his two cats Ralph and Bella. For this video, he build ten forts from ten different materials, and then recorded the cats' reactions to see which they liked the best. The result is that we get to vicariously enjoy watching the construction of the forts plus cats.

The forts are made from all kinds of supplies you might never have thought of, like cardboard tubes, toilet paper rolls, and camouflage netting. One wasn't quite interesting enough, so he added glow sticks so it would be visible in the dark! You know what? If you don't have kids, or cats, or pets of any kind, who is going to tell you that you can't make your own fort inside your house? Your significant other will understand. This might even be worthing getting a cat for. For Chris, it was a project that meant he had to buy a lot of toys, which are tax deductible, I'm sure. -via Laughing Squid

Airports are huge, and provide many services for millions of people every day. You could spend quite a bit of time in one if you had to, and many of us have spent more time there than we wanted to. You may be familiar with the story of Mehran Karimi Nasseri, who actually lived at the Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris for 18 years, and inspired the subject of two movies. But he is far from the only person who lived for an extended period at an airport. There are those people who are stateless, or refugees, or have nowhere to go. There have been some who stayed until they could come up with the money to fly out. Some were stranded for various screwups during the Covid lockdown. One went there to wait for a date to show up and she didn't. And a few people have lived at an airport for years on end because they preferred being there to being at their regular home! Cracked has a list of the stories of 14 people who lived at an airport for periods ranging from 13 days to decades for reasons ranging from bureaucratic to psychotic.

(Image credit: Heeheemalu)

Joseph Herscher of Joseph's Machines (previously at Neatorama) is known for making super elaborate Rube Goldberg contraptions that perform everyday tasks. This one is quite elaborate, but there's no "everyday" about it. He got one of the larger LEGO Super Mario Kart sets (no doubt because of a sponsorship deal) and not only built the karts, but designed a track that replicates the odd effects of the game! Watch the racetrack move to thwart the drivers. Watch cars get smashed flat. Watch a turtle zig zag across the course. Watch a kart on a bridge leap-frog across another kart. First you have to watch to see what he came up with, then you have to watch again to figure out how he did it. The video is short, but it's packed full of delightful moments. And to think, Joseph's mother told him he'd never make a living from building ridiculous chain reaction devices. -via Boing Boing

The British Antarctic Survey has been conducting studies of the ice covering Antarctica for decades, and have now released the most accurate map yet showing what the bedrock is like underneath the ice. With 27 million cubic kilometers of ice removed, the continent is a lacy archipelago of islands with tall mountains, deep gorges, a massive continental shelf, and underwater channels. This new map is called Bedmap 3, since it is the third iteration of an iceless Antarctic map. It is the most accurate such map yet, made with twice as many data points as the previous map. The data points were acquired by "planes, satellites, ships and even dog-drawn sleds."

Scientists and surveyors have also determined the current thickness of the ice in different places, and in fact found the place where the Antarctic ice is the thickest. The image of the bedrock underneath will be useful in knowing where and how the ice will travel as it melts under warmer temperatures. Read more about Bedmap 3, how it was made, and how it may be used at the British Antarctic Survey. -via Real Clear Science

Any opportunity to own a home in California for less than a half a million dollars is quite rare indeed, but this one is special. Sure, it's away from the cities, but that means less light pollution for your astronomical observatory. You heard right, this two bedroom, two bath home on a half-acre is an observatory that comes with a 16-inch Meade telescope in a 10-foot rotating dome. There's also a workshop with a lathe and a milling machine, and plenty of extra parts. The yard has an antenna farm, and the sale could include a range of ham radio equipment. Oh yeah, it also is equipped for off-grid living, with solar panels and battery, but can use the grid for backup. Are you interested yet?

The listing includes a shed, a tractor, and a bunch of communication equipment. However, none of the pictures include a look at the living areas. I guess it takes a special kind of astronomy and/or ham radio enthusiast to appreciate this kind of home. The real estate listing refers to it as a "man-cave," while a commenter noted that this is a supervillain starter lair. Check out the listing for a few pictures and more details. -via Fark

It's hard to say whether the website Learn the World Map is a game, quiz, or just a learning opportunity, but it's fun, and will suck up quite a bit of your time. It made me feel good to know I can locate so many countries on a world map, and I did learn a few new things. Who knew that Northern Cyprus is its own country? But since I knew where the island of Cyprus is, I still found it. However, play on the main part of the website doesn't keep a running score, and it never ends as far as I know. Still, I will never forget where Liberia is now.

On the right side of the screen, you can go to "challenge" mode, and that's a different story altogether: find ten countries as fast as you can, and get a score at the end. But you can only do the challenge once a day. Try your hand at the map, and you'll either pat yourself on the back or else you'll learn where a few countries are. -via Nag on the Lake   

You've heard the advice about taking care of your household stuff: If it moves and it shouldn't, use duct tape. If it doesn't move and it should, use WD-40. That's why every home has both. We've covered the history of duct tape; now it's time to learn how WD-40 came about. Do you know what's in that familiar blue spray can? No, you don't, because the exact formula is a well-guarded secret. Do you know what WD stands for? You might, or you mioght be able to figure it out with some thought, but if not, you'll learn it in this video. I was particularly surprised to learn that WD-40 only goes back as far as the 1950s. I guess I had assumed it was ancient. I already had plenty of respect for the product, but I also learned a few new uses that never occurred to me before, way beyond making things move that should. -via The Awesomer