And now for something completely different! Special effects artist Peter Quinn collaborated with Monty Python's John Cleese to create a semi-animated tribute to Cleese's career. I don't know if this had anything to do with the 50th anniversary of the movie Monty Python and the Holy Grail coming up on April 3rd, but the wealth of references to that movie makes me believe it was at least a valid excuse to make this video. Holy Grail fans will laugh at just the hint of the scenes featuring the French Taunter, Tim the Enchanter, and of course, the Black Knight. Monty Python fans will recognize bits from other eras, too, including an obviously dead parrot and that big foot. For the few who have no idea who John Cleese nor Monty Python are, this collage of nonsense will still be funny, in a violent Three Stooges kind of way. -via Laughing Squid

Imagine, if you will, a science fiction sitcom set in the future (of course), starring a robot with a strange foreign accent. The comedy comes from the robot's inept handling of his job. This was the premise of the 1977 television pilot Stick Around. And it was also the plot of the 1994 pilot LAX 2194. I don't know what else they had in common, but neither one was ever slotted as an actual series. They are two of the seven weirdest TV pilots ever made. Two of them are judged to have been great, but we never got to see the series executed, while the others only have a reputation for being awful. For some reason, Heil Honey I'm Home wasn't included, probably because they actually produced eight episodes before it was canceled after the pilot aired. The seven strange pilots listed at Cracked all have video evidence of one kind or another.    

Water, water everywhere, and nary a drop to drink. That's the ocean, and it's pretty big. Even if you're stranded out in the middle of the sea, you can't drink seawater, because it's so salty that it can poison your body. Most of the water on earth is seawater, and with climate change, fresh water is getting somewhat scarce in places where people need it. That's why there are more and more desalination plants every year, working to provide fresh drinking water but also contributing to the problem by using fossil fuels. Meanwhile, if you ever find yourself stranded out at sea, this TED-Ed lesson has a few tips on how to obtain fresh water, either from rain or dew, or from the blood and organs of certain sea creatures. To the person who doesn't have it, fresh water is more valuable than anything.   

People will argue about the origins of food, and hamburgers are no different. And if you're looking for the oldest hamburger restaurant in America, the White Mana Diner arguably has the provenance to claim the title. It originated in 1939, not as a real restaurant, but as an exhibit at the World's Fair that demonstrated how one could make a hamburger dinner while standing in one spot, using a huge griddle and a precisely designed system. That was impressive, and in 1946, the building was transported to Jersey City, New Jersey, and became the White Mana Diner. It's been in operation ever since.

But the diner itself is not as interesting as its owner Mario Costa. He began working at the White Mana in 1972 as a teenager, and within seven years bought the business. But he also bought rental houses in the neighborhood, another restaurant with a bar, and a gym. Costa offers the gym free of charge to neighborhood kids so they can box instead of getting in trouble doing something else. He once managed Mike Tyson, and still keeps Tyson's pigeons on his roof. Costa is a community hub unto himself, overseeing all his businesses every day, and making hamburgers at the White Mana Diner. Read a fascinating profile of a young man who made good, and now works to give back to the community, at Eater.

(Image credit: Paul Lowry)

You probably noticed the price of, well, everything, going up and up and up. We've heard plenty of explanations, like bird flu for eggs, supply and demand for housing, corporate greed for other stuff, supply chain issues, tariffs, etc. etc. But have we considered monopolies? Sure, monopolies are technically illegal, and so is price-fixing collusion between different companies, but modern technology in the form of algorithms run by third-party services can skip around that and produce the same result. Sam from Half as Interesting explains how that can happen with the example of french fries. He can do this because there is blatant documentary evidence of what's going on to make all our french fries so much more expensive, but this can happen in any industry. And if it happens with America's favorite vegetable, you know it must be going on with other foods and everyday expenses. This video is only 5:55, the rest is an ad.

The Medici family built a banking company that brought them great power in Renaissance Italy. They were of the merchant class and were not elevated to nobility until the 16th century, after which they produced several popes and monarchs. The Medicis also suffered from probably hereditary conditions that caused major joint pain and other problems.  

In 1565, Duke Cosimo I de' Medici commissioned the building of an elevated passageway connecting his residence, the Palazzo Pitti, with the seat of Florence's government, the Palazzo Vecchio. This enclosed passageway, called the Vasari Corridor, is about a kilometer long and snakes around other buildings on its way. The overt purpose of this private passageway was to allow the Medicis to commute without having to mix with the lower class rabble on the streets, and to hide them from potential assassins. However, Ex Urbe makes the case that the Vasari Corridor was also a disability access ramp, the world's largest, that enabled the Medicis to be pulled by donkey cart or carried by servants without being seen. Several of the passageway's features indicate that purpose if you know how the rich of the Middle Ages dealt with disabling infirmities. -via Metafilter

(Image credit: Dror Feitelson)

This visualization of the earth's ocean currents is from NASA’s ECCO (Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean) Group, and uses data and models from all kinds of different sources. Your first impression may be like mine, when you saw The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh in the different swirling shades of blue. Not only do we have global ocean currents moving mostly east, they are surrounded at different depths by circular eddies and whirlpools of all sizes. Water likes to go around in a circle. All this movement is powered by the rotation of the earth, weather patterns, and temperature differences. As the weather affects the ocean's movements, those movements also affect the weather around the globe. It's as if there were a whole system underneath sea level that refreshes the earth by moving water, salt, and heat to other places all the time. Because that's exactly what happens. -via Geeks Are Sexy

We can assume that author Oscar Wilde's actual testicles are with the rest of his body, buried under a huge limestone memorial in Paris’s Père Lachaise Cemetery. The mystery is about the celebrated testicles that came with the stone figure carved into the 9 foot by 11 foot memorial over the grave. The statue, by sculptor Jacob Epstein, is of a winged man flying in a semi-prone position. In 1912, the statue's testicles were so shocking that cemetery officials covered the memorial stone with a tarp. After a court battle with Epstein, the tarp was removed but a bronze plaque covered the testicles. The plaque was later stolen. The statue was again covered in a tarp for some time. Then in 1961, the limestone testicles themselves were stolen. Rumor had it that the testicles were sent back, but were then used as paperweights by a cemetery employee. Meanwhile, visitors were kissing the memorial so much that a glass barrier was added. Read the long and winding story of Oscar Wilde's memorial stone and the testicles no one can see, at Mental Floss.  -via Strange Company

Twin Peaks, Lost, Stranger Things, Black Mirror, Russian Doll, Severance... there have been an awful lot of TV series that play with your mind by thoroughly confusing you. You either stick with it to find out if everything will eventually make sense, or you dump out because it seems like just too much effort to keep up. You start to wonder if the producers themselves keep up with all the details, and years later there are internet discussions about whether certain parts have been thoroughly explained. There are also shows that try to do all this in one episode, like The Twilight Zone (it will never be done better). These are called "mind bending shows." Alasdair Beckett-King has noticed the proliferation of such television shows, and also noticed they have certain things in common, so he had to do his own version. His show nails them all in 84 seconds, including the surprise ending.

By now you've heard of the "catio," an extensive cage built out into your yard that lets your cats experience the great outdoors while staying corraled and protected. While a catio is a big project, the Philadelphia Zoo has taken the concept to another level by constructing Zoo360, a mesh-enclosed network of walkways that allow diverse animals like monkeys and tigers to roam the zoo, safe from visitors, but able to see and be seen by visitors. Zoo360 allows the creatures to explore, exercise, and get their bearings in space, while safely being separated from humans. It's quite a sight to see, as the zoo residents pass through crowds and overhead as well. While the animals take their walks, you can stand in one place and see many different animals go by, under their own agency. That's a catio taken to extreme! -via Nag on the Lake

(Image credit: Philadelphia Zoo)

Remember the novelty toy called Big Mouth Billy Bass? It looked like a mounted trophy fish, but talked or sang when activated. No one can figure out why that became such a best seller. But now we have the same sort of thing, only sillier. YouTuber gptars outfitted a Big Mouth Billy Bass with artificial intelligence, so it can respond to questions, and also made it believe it is Arnold Schwarzenegger. Besides quoting lines from Schwarzenegger films, it wants to motivate you to work out, or, as we've all heard, "pump you up."



No, this isn't a real product you can buy -yet. But it's pretty cool in the same way Big Mouth Billy Bass was cool the first couple of times you saw him flop about and talk. After you've heard them sing "Take Me to the River" a few hundred times, the charm grows a little thin. -via Geeks Are Sexy

We learned decades ago that people can survive in outer space as long as they have a controlled environment that supplies proper oxygen and heat. But that doesn't mean that living in space is altogether safe and healthy. Astronauts who've spent months or even over a year in space can tell you that the human body is designed for the specific gravitational pull of earth. Take that away, and our bodies start to act weird.

For one thing, fluids are not pulled away from our brains or our sinuses in space as they are on earth. Astronauts  feel as if their noses are stuffed while living in microgravity. The extra fluid retained in the head also changes the shape of one's eyeballs. Muscles waste away because they don't work as hard as on earth. Skin becomes more sensitive when it is not weighed down by the fabric of our clothing. While most of the effects are reversible, it's not pleasant. Movies make spacecraft in circles that rotate to create gravity because it's easier on the film budget, but such gravity simulations may make living in space healthier for future astronauts. Read about the physical effects of space travel at the Guardian. -via Damn Interesting

(Image credit: NASA)

Knowing how humans will make a competition out of anything, you might not be too surprised to learn that snowball fights have become an organized sport. You will not be too shocked to learn that it originated in Japan. The sport of Yukigassen pits teams of seven players against each other. The rules were established by the Japan Yukigassen Federation, which oversees competitions in many countries where snow is available. Every year, the world champion is decided by a tournament at the foot of Mount Usu in Japan, where around 100 teams compete for the title. Great Big Story explains the history of Yukigassen, how the sport is played, and even gives us tips on how to make and throw the perfect snowball. Useful information right now, if you live in the Southern Hemisphere.

How long before the Yukigassen becomes an exhibition sports in the Olympic Winter Games? It may be some time, since the games won't be hosted in Asia for at least the next ten years.

Before you can know where the manicule came from, you have to know what a manicule is. The image above may give you a clue. It's the pointing hand that's so familiar in iconography and typography. Whether it's the more ornate Victorian typography or the newer emojis, we all recognize the little hand that's pointing to something important. Believe it or not, these are much older than typography or even type itself.

The first manicules were hand-drawn, in the margins of books. They were used as a kind of highlighter to point the reader to something important in the text. Examples date back to at least the year 1086. The pointing finger was always favored over an arrow because everyone knows what a pointing finger means. When type was invented, the manicule proved to be just too useful to leave out of a set of moveable type, and the use of it moved away from the reader with a pencil to the publisher with a printing press. Later on, the manicule was taken over by advertisers, sign makers, and eventually the internet. Read the entire history of the little pointy hand that you never knew the name of at Messy Nessy Chic. -via Strange Company

It's hard to designate who was America's first policewoman because it depends on how you define "police woman." Around the turn of the 20th century, suffragists and women's temperance groups advocated for female police officers to handle social crimes and defend powerless victims, but the women hired for these positions often had no authority to arrest on their own, nor did they carry weapons.

Alice Stebbins Wells was the first woman appointed to the Los Angeles Police Department in 1910. Her duties began as supervisor of public places that had questionable morals, such as theaters, arcades, and dance halls, but as time went on, she was called on to question women and children who were victims, witnesses, or perpetrators of crimes and to investigate domestic violence, which male officers didn't want to get involved in. Wells' position in the LAPD went from not being taken seriously to crucial in the protection of women and children. Wells advocated, and got, more policewomen added to the LAPD's roster. Read about her career and what it meant at Smithsonian.