The Complicated Struggle for Abolition in France

The United States declared its independence from the British Empire in 1776, but it was almost 90 years later that its enslaved people achieved their own independence. In France, the abolition of slavery started and ended earlier, but it came about in fits and starts. 

In 1789, during the French Revolution, Count Mirabeau of the new National Assembly declared that freedom should extend to all men, even the slaves in the French colonies of the New World. His suggestion was ignored, because the plantations of the Caribbean were just too lucrative. Then in 1794, enslaved colonists were not only granted freedom, but also citizenship. This only lasted until 1799, when Napoleon took over and rescinded those rights. Meanwhile, Haiti staged its own revolution and became independent in 1804. It wasn't until 1848 that slavery was permanently abolished in France, but they were still ahead of the US. Read how the French abolished slavery at the Conversation.