What Makes a Language... a Language?

A Canadian friend of mine learned Polish from her parents. She traveled to Ukraine and was surprised to find she could understand people speaking Russian. Another friend from New York said he could understand people in the Netherlands easier than he could people in Tennessee. And my daughter spent years learning French, but then picked up Spanish in about a month. Languages flow into each other, but sometimes they grow apart. So what really defines a language as distinct from a dialect? And how different must a dialect be before it is considered another language? The answer may surprise you, but when you think about it, you won't be surprised.


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Granddad had one of these hanging in his tool-shed. He said it was the only tool known to man that could actually scratch Grandma's Christmas cake!
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The "first draft" for a Winkie spear in the Wizard of Oz. Go ahead, Google "winkie spear." You'll see what I'm talkin' about. :)
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This was an early prototype for part of a spinning hazard on Wipeout. It was eventually eliminated because the contestants' excessive bleeding caused the water to be too red.

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It's the proboscis of the mosquitoes in Minnesota that bite you in the hind end when you aren't looking. Shown actual size.

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An antique Swedish fretwork saw, for embellishing cottages in the alpine mountains. This looks like a fairly basic model.

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I think that it's part of an old balance/scale tool that would have been used in a general store to weigh out whatever it was that was being purchased. The notches are not a saw; they would have been used to set the leverage of the weight hanging off the end of the arm (device shown). The way it functions is very similar to that of the arm/lever in a balance scale typically seen in a doctor's office.
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I think that the proper name for this item is a Trammel Jack, and appears to be missing a part or two. It was used in the cooking process, and was not limited to the fireplace, but also used over an open fire

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"Doh!", (slaps forehead), "It's a pot hanger!" Which means something entirely different now that pot has been legalized in the State of Washington.

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