Only one of these five presidents made this list. 

Most of the 45 men who became President of the United States were well educated and began public service as lawyers or military members (or both) and worked their way up the political ladder. Teddy Roosevelt and Thomas Jefferson are well-known for their many accomplishments outside of the White House. Then there are a few you might not realize were experienced in something completely different from what they are remembered for. One president knew seven languages besides English, and worked as an interpreter as well as a diplomat. Another had completed medical school. One had an original proof for the Pythagorean theorem published in a scientific journal. And you may be surprised by the only president who held a patent.  

In the run up to President's Day in the 250th year of our country, Smithsonian will, no doubt, bring us lots of history and trivia about presidents. Today they tell us about eight presidents who had distinguished but lesser-known accomplishments outside of their presidential terms. 

(Image credit: White House Photograph Office/Barbara Kinney) 

In case you want to enjoy Bad Bunny's halftime show from the big football game yesterday, but you don't have much time and cannot understand Spanish anyway, Dustin Ballard of There I Ruined It (previously at Neatorama) has edited it down into a compact supercut. This version only has the "Eys." Yes, he has certainly ruined it this time. -via reddit 

If you want to see the full presentation, it's at YouTube. Since you still don't know Spanish, or maybe you're not all that familiar with Bad Bunny's music, Becky Hammer offers a detailed explanation of every song and cultural element of the show. Be warned that the subject matter is sometimes NSFW. -via Metafilter 

A couple more notes: The wedding was real. The grass and bushes were not. Yes, there were people inside the shrubbery, but they sadly did not dance. That was just the easiest way to get the greenery out onto the field and off again in a hurry. 

We have plenty of painted portraits of Ludwig von Beethoven, but were they overly flattering? What did he really look like? We might have an idea from a forensic reconstruction by Brazilian designer Cícero Moraes. Moraes did not have a physical skull to work with, but he did have front and side photographs of Beethoven's skull (presumably taken when his body was exhumed in 1863). He fed data from the photographs into a 3D modeling program to recreate the skull in three dimensions. Then Moraes used standard forensic recreation methods to rebuild the flesh of the head and face. The results do resemble portraits of Beethoven, although the portrait artists were obviously impressed by the composer's reputation and character. Read through the process of recreating Beethoven's appearance at Bored Panda. 

You can also see how Moraes recreated the appearances of Johann Sebastian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, although these were done using portraits only. 

  
    

What's the worst thing artificial intelligence AI has done to us so far? We could make a list, and one of the things on it would be how it takes the joy out of watching videos on the internet. I can't tell you how many times I've found something that may be worth sharing, and as soon as someone comments that it's AI, the joy is gone. 

The short film That's AI! illustrates this concept perfectly. Can that young man really be doing all those backflips, or is it artificially-generated? If you can't believe your eyes online, how can you believe your eyes in the real world? If we can't believe what we see, how are we to ever enjoy or even trust anything anymore? That said, this video is funny, and with the background music, it comes off as an ad. But it's not. And the kicker is that there was no artificial intelligence used in its making. -via the Awesomer 

The Olympics showcases sports that most of us would never see otherwise. Once every four years, we follow speed skating, luge, curling, and slalom and suddenly become experts in our minds. And occasionally we got a glimpse into what goes on behind those sports. Just the other day we found out that how the fit of a ski suit is very important in the sport of ski jumping. There are plenty of other obscure rules for Olympic sports. Did you know that colored nail polish is not allowed in women's gymnastics? Maybe we can assume it's not allowed in men's gymnastics, either. And the authorities of water polo are rightfully concerned about whether athletes have clipped their toenails. Mental Floss goes over these restrictions in a list of ten obscure Olympics rules.

One rule, however, needs an update. Backflips were banned from figure skating after the 1976 games. We were all astounded when Surya Bonaly of France did a backflip on ice in 1998. She was penalized, but is remembered to this day. In 2024, the International Skating Union decided to reverse the rule and make backflips okay. US figure skating star Ilia Malinin is currently taking advantage of the rule change by stealing the show at the Milano-Cortina Winter Games in Italy. 

Benedict Cumberbatch has become a favorite reader for Shaun Usher's Letters Live series because he reads letters with such dramatic flair. In this performance at the Southbank Centre in London last month, he delivers a pitch-perfect reading of a letter written to a bank in 2009. 

The writer has been a customer of the unnamed bank for thirty years, yet they still managed to screw him over with their new automatic systems designed to take every bit of humanity out of the business of banking. No doubt you will feel exactly what this customer is feeling, because we've all experienced the same type of horror. In response, he decides to give them a taste of their own medicine, in excruciating detail. I sure wish we had the rest of the story, meaning how the bank responded. We know they kept the letter because it was so good. I have a sneaking suspicion that every bank employee who read it was nonetheless helpless to provide any kind of relief for the writer. And what he's on about has only gotten worse in the years since. -via Laughing Squid 

The Air Force has plans to upgrade and re-arm existing obsolete nuclear missile sites in the US. Maps Mania alerts us to an interactive map project concerning these missile silos. The locations are common knowledge thanks to satellite technology. Under the Nuclear Sponge theory, these missiles silos are located in relatively low population areas of the country, under the assumption that in a nuclear war, the enemy would attack these silos first, which would then affect fewer people. Small consolation for those who live in these areas. 

However, nuclear fallout following such an attack would cover much larger areas, depending on wind and weather. USA Today posted an interactive map showing which areas would be most affected under different weather models, indicating that highly-populated areas would not be safe even if a nuclear attack was limited to the silos. You can also explore the original map called Under the Nuclear Cloud without all the scrolling context at Columbia University. -via Nag on the Lake 

The premise of the short film Forevergreen is simple: a pine tree adopts a baby bear. Yes, there's a lot more to it, but that synopsis was all I needed to want to watch it. The tree makes a surprisingly good parent, but things go sideways when the bear reaches adolescence and is lured off by the temptations of the outside world. Then you start to see that it's a version of Yogi Bear. No, it's Smokey Bear. No, really, it's The Giving Tree. Or maybe it's the story of Groot. It's a bit of every story about trees or bears, but mainly it's about love. And junk food.

Nathan Engelhardt and Jeremy Spears spent five years making Forevergreen in their free time with no budget, and now it's nominated for an Academy Award. We'll find out who wins on March 15th. Meanwhile you can see a behind-the-scenes video about Forevergreen here.  -via Kuriositas 

The Olympics are underway in Italy, with venues scattered across a wide area of the Alps whether there is snow cover or not. The magic of artificial snow generation makes sure that what you see on TV appears perfect for skiing, snowboarding, and cross-country racing. In fact, many of the races at the Beijing Olympics in 2022 were run completely on machine-generated snow. Yet the lack of reliable snow over the past few deacdes affects the ability of athletes to train for the competitions in their home countries. 

Any Olympic course that doesn't have adequate natural snow will be groomed with manmade snow, which is real snow made from real water, but it's not the same. Flakes of natural snow are varied due to temperature, humidity, and other factors. Manmade snow is more uniform, and tends to compact faster. This leaves the courses slicker and often more dangerous. Read about the effects of using manmade snow at the Olympics at the Conversation. 

See also: The Science of the Winter Olympics. 

(Image credit: Jon Wick) 

Warning: This POV footage may induce vertigo. 

Ride along with freestyle motocross star Colby Raha as he breaks a world record. But that's only half the ride, and he does it twice. The frightening course was set up at the Record Breakers event in Mesa, Arizona on January 31st. First, he has to get up to speed. Then he jumps 275 feet over a pool with no margin for error. Then he zips up a quarter pipe, straight up, and lands in one piece. I'm impressed, but it's not quite a world record, so he tries it a second time.

The part where Raha has to go quite some distance to get back where he started is kind of cute, with fans waving him on. So he does the whole run again, this time reaching 90 feet above ground on the quarter pipe for a big air world record. I would recommend watching this GoPro video in full screen mode for maximum terror. -via Born in Space 

In 1926, Abe Saperstein organized a basketball team consisting of five elite athletes who had played for Wendell Phillips High School in Chicago. They were called the Savoy Big Five, and played at the Savoy Ballroom. The team grew, drew attention, and changed their name to the Globe Trotters in 1928. In 1930, they were rebranded as the New York Harlem Globetrotters. Despite the fact that they were based in Chicago, Saperstein wanted to indicate that the players were Black. The team won the World Professional Basketball Tournament in 1940. They also became widely known for their trick ball handling and showmanship. 

The National Basketball Association formed in 1946, but did not invite the Globetrotters to join because the players were Black. Then in 1948, the Globetrotters defeated the purported best professional team in the country, the Minneapolis Lakers. In 1950, the NBA began drafting Black players by recruiting three of the Harlem Globetrotters. The team itself was still not part of the NBA, so they became an exhibition team. Why bother following the rules when you aren't part of the club? Learn about the early history of the Harlem Globetrotters at Newspapers.com. -via Strange Company 

(Image credit: MelanieWarner) 

Ze Frank made a True Facts video asking for input on a species name for a new chiton mollusk identified by Juila Sigwart of the Senkenberg Ocean Species Alliance. A panel of expert judges which fortunately excluded Ze Frank came to a consensus and selected a name. This morning, a new paper was published in the Biodiversity Data Journal announcing the naming of Ferreiraella populi, the "chiton of the people." 

More than 8,000 comments came in under the original video, so Ze Frank figured that some of the more humorous suggestions should be highlighted here since they did not make it into the science journal. Points for creativity, so to speak. Strangely, Ferreiraella chitonmcchitonface did not appear to gain any ground, but you might not be surprised that the most popular name in all those suggestions was Jerry. That one was disqualified from the competition by Jerry himself, if you can believe that story. 

The  World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has been asked to look into allegations of possible cheating by some ski jump competitors ahead of the Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. How does one cheat in ski jumping? The claim is that some male athletes are injecting their penises with hyaluronic acid- but not during competition. So how could this possibly enhance their performance? 

It has to do with the uniform fit. A looser ski suit has been scientifically proven to increase lift and reduce drag, allowing a ski jumper to fly further. An injection to make one's penis temporarily larger during a uniform fitting (done with 3D scanners) may gain some fabric, and an athletic edge. Hyaluronic acid, which is naturally found in our bodies, is used to treat arthritis by cushioning joints, and as a filler in cosmetic surgery. It is not considered a performance-enhancing drug. So far, no athletes have been named and there is no evidence of the scheme yet, but the claims are being investigated. -via Metafilter 

The average ten-year-old boy knows more about Vikings than I do, but what he knows probably came from either Looney Tunes or Hagar the Horrible. Or that History Channel series he's not really allowed to watch. The Vikings were a Scandinavian people who raided and traded all over the world from the 8th to the 11th centuries. They did not have a written language, so whatever was documented about them was written by people who were terrified of them, or else was written long afterward. They didn't even call themselves Vikings; that was a word that referred to their raids. We actually know very little about them, but we do know that a lot of the things everyone knows about Vikings came from dubious sources or were just made up for dramatic effect. This TED-Ed lesson busts five myths that have grown up around the Vikings. -via Geeks Are Sexy

In 1949, Ray Bradbury wrote a story called "Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed" that has stayed with me since childhood. It concerns a colony of pioneers from Earth who settled on Mars, but without communication or ships from Earth, they turned into Martians. 

Most of a century later, people are seriously talking about sending people to Mars to live. If  a colony of humans were isolated on the red planet, how would they change over time? Would it require many generations for any differences to evolve, or would the very different environment on Mars cause changes? And how long would it take until they became a different species from the humans left on earth? We won't really know until it happens, but scientists have some idea about how the human body might adapt to an environment with different gravity, sunshine, and atmosphere. Read what those potential changes might be at Real Clear Science.

(Image credit: D Mitriy)