Come on Olympic Phryge, all the other Olympic mascots are with you! #Phryge pic.twitter.com/2CK15ixKWU

— Paris 2024 (@ShanaeJoyc92133) May 12, 2024

The Olympic mascot is usually some kind of animal, or more rarely, a pop culture character that means something to the host nation. For the 2024 Paris Olympics, the French went with a fashion statement. That seems appropriate for Paris, but the hat that is the branding image of this year's games is more than fashionable. It's a symbol of France's revolutionary history. The Olympic Phryge is designed to resemble the Phrygian cap, a conical cloth hat with a peak that could flop forward or back.

The design goes back thousands of years, and is recognizable in ancient art. Colonial Americans adopted the hat as a symbol of their struggle for freedom, called the "liberty cap," which gradually fell out of favor after the French Revolution. It was the French who made the Phrygian cap their own, in red wool, as a political symbol. They not only used it as a symbol in art and communication, but actually wore those hats when they stormed the palace.  

Using a hat for the Olympic mascot may seem strange at first, although no stranger than other Olympic mascots have been, but there is plenty of history behind the design, which you can read about at Smithsonian.

We've been following the developments of Boston Dynamics' Atlas robot for years, but even I didn't know when that research began. It appears that that they have been working on the development of a walking humanoid robot for more than 40 years now! Maybe it's because Atlas doesn't develop grey hair or wrinkles, just more muscles. World Data Center put together a compilation of research videos showing Atlas starting out in 1983 and running through 2022. The video starts with a bouncing baby robot who later learns to walk on two legs, and gradually grows into a dancing, flipping athlete made of titanium and electronics. We shouldn't be verklempt about watching a robot grow up, but we feel like Atlas is a friend. He is, after all, friend-shaped. Besides that, he's taken a lot of abuse to get where he is today. Too bad it doesn't include the latest version, although that one is kind of creepy. -via Laughing Squid

The short version of the story is that a group of human ancestors left Africa and went to Europe, and later to the rest of the Old World. These were the Neanderthals. A half million years later, modern humans left Africa and settled all over the world. They interbred with Neanderthals for a few thousand years, and then the Neanderthals went extinct, except as a minor part of our Homo sapiens DNA. The only humans around today with no Neanderthal DNA are descended from the people who never left Sub-Saharan Africa.

Geneticists have found that snippets of Neanderthal DNA can be found in any part of our genome, except for the Y chromosome. What happened to the Neanderthal Y? Its demise could have been coincidental, or luck. Probably not, but that always needs to kept as a possibility. Or it could have been that it was always modern human men breeding with Neanderthal women, but since we haven't found any Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA in modern humans, which is only passed along by females, that doesn't seem likely. There are other scientific possibilities, which are explained at the Conversation.  -via Damn Interesting

(Image credit: Clemens Vasters)

She’s got Spirit
byu/1q8b infunny

For maximum enjoyment, watch the video first, before you read the description below. Let your suspension of disbelief take over!

When she's done up in this illusion face paint, artist Mariam Marks would not take it as an insult to be called a horse face. It's very deliberate. But this is not only an artful painting, it's performance art, too, as she lip-syncs to "Here I Am" by Bryan Adams, from the 2002 movie Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron. Her exaggerated tooth exposure and tongue action lends so much realism to the singing horse, it's like watching a cartoon without a TV. You don't even have to be familiar with the movie to appreciate the performance (I have never seen it).   

See a lot more of Mariam Marks' face painting animations at Instagram and YouTube.

-via reddit

Zach Anner broke through onto the pop culture scene in 2010, and we posted plenty more of his riotously funny videos. But it's been a couple of years since he posted anything at YouTube, and even longer since he abandoned other social media outlets. He's still active on Facebook, and has been doing TV appearances and writing shows. Then, surprise! Today he came out of his YouTube "retirement" to tells us an important story. Yeah, there are funny parts to it.

Zach has spent his life doing things he was told were impossible for him (and even wrote a book about it). He's worked hard at overcoming muscle control issues to do all those things he wasn't supposed to be able to. But in this instance, even he didn't realize that he was the victim of assumptions. Sometimes, it's not a matter of ability at all; it's a matter of proper education.

George Washington was associated with cherry trees from a young age, although that tale was completely fabricated. And the iconic cherry trees in Washington, DC, only came in 1912. But Mount Vernon, Washington's estate, had orchards and slaves, and apparently they packed cherries in bottles to preserve them. Archaeologists found two bottles of cherries under a brick floor, and months later found 35 bottles in the cellar. Twenty-nine of the bottles were still intact, and contained preserved cherries and berries.

You may wonder how these bottles were never found before, as Mount Vernon has always been a historic site. George Washington's father built the mansion on the estate in 1734. The president expanded the house twice, and no doubt performed several renovations. The 35 bottles of cherries were found in abandoned storage pits in the cellar, which may have been forgotten and then covered over when Washington left his home to command the Continental Army.

The cherries seem to be in pretty good shape, considering their age. Scientists are studying the bottles, the cherries (including stems and pits), and the preservation method. So far, there's no word on whether anyone has tasted them. Read more about this discovery at Smithsonian.   

In 1980, Camp Crystal Lake entered the public consciousness as a horror site, even though it was fictional. That was the summer that a crazed killer offed a group of teenage camp counselors one by one while we all watched in the darkness of a movie theater. The movie was Friday the 13th, a film that not only scared the pants off audiences, but went on to spawn more than a dozen sequels and spinoffs. It also established summer camp as the perfect place for a slasher to do his business. You know that because several more horror films were set in some type of summer camp in the 1980s.

Why is summer camp the perfect horror movie set? You know the answer, it came to you immediately. But whatever you're thinking is not the only reason, because there are a bunch of them. The line of slasher films set in a summer camp lasted through the 1980s for reasons detailed at Atlas Obscura.

Cats don't normally swim. Tigers will, and fishing cats swim a lot, but lions prefer to stay on dry ground whenever possible. The story of two lions in Uganda have researchers thinking about the pressures our modern world puts on wild animals, even in their own habitat. Jacob the African lion only has three complete legs after his rear foot was caught in a poacher's trap. He is accompanied by his brother Tibu. The two ventured out of their normal territory to find mates in another part of Queen Elizabeth National Park. They were rebuffed by other male lions, surviving at least two fights. To get back to their territory, they had to cross the Kazinga channel, a river populated with crocodiles and hippopotamus.

The lions turned back a couple of times, but then swam 1.5 kilometers, or .93 miles, across the dangerous waters at night. A team led by Griffith University scientist Alexander Braczkowski recorded the lions on a thermal camera carried by a drone as they swam the river. Those cats were desperate. Read about the recording and what it means at Gizmodo.

(Image credit: Dr. Alex Braczkowski)

Humans have been looking for evidence that we are not alone in the universe ever since we started looking at the stars overhead. While most of the investigations have been speculation abut events and objects we don't understand, or else wishful thinking like science fiction, large scale projects like SETI are seriously scanning distance space to intercept any signals that might come from some cosmic intelligence. At the same time, we have beamed signals out into the cosmos, hoping that someday, intelligent extraterrestrials will find them. There have been at least a dozen such programs so far.

They started with the Soviet Union sending Morse code signals to Venus in 1962. It continued with the plaques on the Pioneer space probes and later the Voyager probes that are now in interstellar space. The image above is the Arecibo message, send from the (now defunct) Arecibo Telescope in Puerto Rico in 1974. The messages got more sophisticated over time, although no one knows if they will ever be found or deciphered by anyone. Even SETI is sending out signals now. Read about 12 projects that aim to communicate with extraterrestrials we don't yet know of at Amusing Planet.

(Image credit: Arne Nordmann (norro))

The more we learn about volcanos, the more obvious it becomes that they had a big hand in shaping the world as it is.  They build mountains, they form rock, and they even preserve some of the wildlife they kill. Volcanic ash can bury and preserve animals hundreds of miles away from an eruption! Even those who survived the ash later had their footprints preserved as the ash hardened, and that gives us clues about those creatures' movements in life.

Closer to the volcano, pyroclastic flow, in addition to ash, can kill and create negative images of whatever it buried. The case of the Blue Lake Rhino is a further method of preservation, when a strange confluence of conditions left a rhino-shaped cave. Even stranger are dinosaur footprints that formed in magma underground! How did that happen? The story is a little complicated, but SciShow explains it in simple terms. Volcanos are crazy. -via Damn Interesting

A lot of the Star Wars universe doesn't make any sense, but fans will find ways to work around those things. The explanations are nested in a vast universe of Star Wars facts that get more ridiculous the deeper you go. Sure, this entire franchise has humor built into it, and you can enjoy the minutia if you don't take it too seriously.

ok i need everyone's personal favourite world-shatteringly stupid star wars lore decision that is small enough to fit into a single tweet. mine is that they decided famous han solo quotes were due to a near deific belief in beating the odds as enshrined in corellian culture

— yuuko from nichijou (@headfallsoff) June 10, 2024

Twitter user yuuko from nichijou, also known as Jackson, is a Star Wars fan, but also has a snarky sense of humor. The vast universe of Star Wars has a backstory for every character, no matter how minor, and explanations for how a galaxy far, far away works in the most minute detail. And everyone has their favorite fact that is memorable for being so ridiculous. A megathread from a few days ago invited everyone share theirs.

THEY WHAT

— yuuko from nichijou (@headfallsoff) June 10, 2024

There are 1,700 replies, including some from Star Wars itself.

Also in Attack of the Clones? A canon character with the surname Sleazebaggano.

— Star Wars (@starwars) June 11, 2024

But my favorites are those tidbits that try to explain why the Star Wars universe uses references from our world. George Lucas used plenty of common idioms in his original trilogy with barely a thought of how that wouldn't make sense in another galaxy. So later Star Wars tales took crazy tricks to make them work.

I have a friend who is a casual SW fan that, to this day, still brings up that line as an example of what he hated about the prequels. Me telling him to watch Clone Wars for this explanation did not help.

— Fiev Funb (@FievFunb) June 11, 2024

Lol they get all upset by normal species being mentioned like the galaxy isn't mostly full of humans and dagobah wasn't filled with normal zoo reptiles

— New California Neighbor! (@NewCaliNeighbor) June 13, 2024

Yeah we know, it's...The Empire

— Aditya Devavrat (@theamericandesi) June 11, 2024

You'll enjoy reading through the entire thread, or you can see a list of 17 Star Wars facts that really stood out at Cracked.

In the early 1950s, French soldiers fighting the Viet Minh in French Indochina called in a battlefield casualty. The military sent in a helicopter, an insect-like contraption the soldiers had never seen before. When it landed, they saw the pilot was a woman! It was just another chapter in the amazing life of Valérie André.

André had two passions from a young age. She wanted to fly, and she wanted to become a doctor. She learned to pilot an airplane, although she had to pay for her lessons, unlike boys. Her education was interrupted by World War II, but when she got her medical degree in 1947, she joined the military and spent five years doing surgery in Indochina before becoming a helicopter rescue pilot. In the meantime, she volunteered to parachute into dangerous territory to bring medical help to both soldiers and locals. That's how she got the nickname "the woman who came from the sky."

André flew 127 rescue missions in Vietnam, then moved on to serve in Algeria. She was the first woman to achieve the rank of brigadier general in the French Army before she retired. And this spring, she turned 102 years old! Read about the amazing medical and aviation career of Valérie André at Military History. -via Strange Company

The internet's two favorite things, cats and Star Wars, have been combined in myriad videos, many that you've seen here, and we won't pass up the opportunity to post more of them. Instagram cats Badger and Ellie, along with their friends Lucy, Ziggy, Bo, Usopp, Luke, Linus, Tamari, and Teddy, are fashionistas with a costume for any and every event. Now they are actors, too, as they recreate the original 1977 movie Star Wars, now known as Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. Oh yeah, and The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi as well. They have their lines down purr-fectly. I wonder what kind of fish paste they've been eating, because it's obviously lip-smacking good. Chewbacca has especially emotive dialogue. Don't miss Yoda observing in amazement as Luke raises his X-wing fighter using the Force ...and some fishing line. These are all good cats. (via Boing Boing)

Henry Worsley, inspired by his ancestor Frank Worsley, who was captain of Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance, went to Antarctica to hike across the continent. It wasn't Worsley's only Antarctic adventure. He first recreated Shackleton's 1907-09 Nimrod Expedition, when he came close to the South Pole, then Roald Amundsen's successful expedition to the South Pole. In 2015, Worsley's goal was to hike across Antarctica solo, without any vehicle and with no airdropped supplies. But before we get to this difficult expedition, Weird History gives us the short version of the entire history of Antarctic exploration. About half way through, we get into Henry Worsley and his solo hike. It did not turn out well.

This solo feat only became plausible once the road, or maybe it's better called a path, from McMurdo to the South Pole was completed in 2007. Since Worsley's attempt, both Colin O'Brady and Louis Rudd completed the same route alone on skis in 2018.

What do you see in this image? It appears to be a mishmash of overlapping or intertwining circles, or maybe even a spiral of some kind. But when you try to follow those circles individually, you'll find that there are four concentric circles that do not overlap at all!

This is called Pinna’s Intertwining Illusion. The reason you see intertwining circles, or a spiral of some sort, is due to the orientation of the squares, which varies from circle to circle. The squares are uniformly close together, but because they are squares, they appear more angular in the smallest circle. The overall effect makes our brains see overlapping circles. It's like if you took a Twist-O-Flex watchband and tried to roll it up tight until the links separate enough to pinch you, which is the only example I could find within reach at my desk. In other words, we are squaring the circle.    

This illusion was discovered by by psychology professor Baingio Pinna. He has conducted research into the brain's processing of illusions displaying the rotating motion effect. That sounds like illusions that will make you woozy, and they do. -via TYWKIWDBI

(Image credit: Jochen Burghardt)