The words we use for body parts may be among the oldest words of all, because our bodies are very important to us, common among us, and have always been with us. Linguist Dr. Erica Brozovsky (previously at Neatorama) tells us about some of those early words for body parts and how they know where they came from. The second part of that sentence is the more interesting part.

See, the spread and evolution of spoken language is like a historic timeline of its own that runs in parallel to the history of the written word or the artifacts of human civilization. If we can make an accurate map and timeline of how language was adapted to different cultures (and we've made a lot of progress), we can fill in many of the blanks in the historical record. "For example, since several languages as disparate as Sanskrit, Greek, and Dutch have similar words for wheel, it stands to reason that the Proto Indo European people had wheeled vehicles." That's mind-blowing, and raises my already-high regard for the study of linguistics even higher. There's way more to the study of languages than just the ancient roots of words.

The offer is out there, but it won't be easy. The Indus Valley civilization thrived some 5,300 years ago in what is now northwest India and eastern Pakistan in one of the world's earliest urban settings. After a thousand years or so, the people dispersed and the culture disappeared, along with a written language no one can decipher today, although archaeologists, linguists, and other scholars have tried for around a hundred years. Deciphering the language is difficult, because the remaining examples are short, found on ceramic tiles and seals. No one knows whether the markings represent an alphabet or full words. Or even possibly numbers. 

The government of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu has made an official offer of a million dollars to any individual or organization who can crack the code and decipher the written language of the Indus Valley civilization. To claim the money, the translation must satisfy the archaeologists who have been working on the project for years. Some people who have already made claims made too many assumptions about the script, which is thought to have more to do with trade and finance than religion or culture. Read about the undeciphered script at Smithsonian.

(Image credit: Ismoon)

The most memorable scene in the 1989 movie When Harry Met Sally took place in Katz's Delicatessen in Manhattan, when Sally demonstrates that women can fake an orgasm so well that men can't tell. In this ad, Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal reunite more than 35 years later to have lunch at Katz's, and accidentally end up recreating that scene when Ryan adds an obscene amount of Hellman's mayonnaise to her sandwich. The fact that a Jewish deli would not have mayonnaise available on the tables is an extra layer of absurdity. Sydney Sweeney appears to deliver the punch line this time.

As you might have guessed, this is a Super Bowl ad. The game is still ten days away, but in recent years advertisers feel they have invested too much money into their Super Bowl ads to keep them under wraps until kickoff. Get ready for a tsunami of high-priced ads coming in the next few days. -via Metafilter

Anna Odi lives in an apartment in a building that is mostly offices for the museum of Auschwitz in Poland. Her parents lived at the site when she was born in 1956. Both of them were arrested by the Nazis and kept in concentration camps during World War II, and met after liberation. Why would a newly married couple choose to live at Auschwitz? In the aftermath of the war, housing was scarce and the camp and its buildings were available. Mira and Józef Odi were also dedicated to preserving the history of the camp so the world would never forget what went on there. They and other survivors guarded the site and curated its items and documentation for posterity.

When Odi was a child, her parents shielded her from the details of the Holocaust, but as a teenager, she gradually learned what Auschwitz meant, and she joined her parents in working there when she finished school. Read about Odi's life at Auschwitz and her dedication to preserving its history at Notes from Poland.  -Thanks WTM!

(Image credit: Michel Zacharz AKA Grippenn)

We love to hear a good bagpipe song here at Neatorama, so that's why we've posted the music of the Unipiper, the Badpiper, and the Red Hot Chilli Pipers. When you hear a bagpipe, you either think "Turn it up!" or "Run away!" There's no in between. But how does one become a bagpiper?

Apparently it's not as easy as just being Scottish, because Stuart Smillie of Great Big Story is of Scottish descent, although he lives in London now. His boss sent him to Edinburgh to learn how to play the bagpipes, which shouldn't take long, seeing as he's already Scottish, but it turns out that didn't help a bit. Neither did having his own kilt. Smillie contacted Andrew Coulter at Killberry Bagpipes, Edinburgh's last custom bagpipe maker. Did Smillie learn to play the bagpipes that day? That might depend on your definition of "playing," but he did learn a lot about bagpipes, pipers, and the kilts they wear. -via Laughing Squid

Happy Lunar New Year! The Asian festival begins today, and in China, this holiday ushers in the Year of the Snake. In Hong Kong, people will eat plenty of traditional holiday foods, and among them will be the traditional Kjeldsens Danish butter cookies. What? Many families in Hong Kong celebrate the new year with “blue tin cookies,” which everyone knows is the hard-to-pronounce Kjeldsens brand.

Traditions have to start somewhere, and this particular tradition goes back to 1963, or at least that's where the story begins. Within a few years, Kjeldsens butter cookies were available in Hong Kong as the Western tradition of snacking on sweets was about to take off. Kjeldsens cultivated this market, and did extra advertising in Hong Kong around holidays. The familiar blue tin is often kept and reused for sewing supplies, just as Royal Dansk cookie tins (introduced in 1966) are used in the US. Read up on how Kjeldsens Danish cookies became a part of the Lunar New Year at Atlas Obscura.

Yes, it's a video about snail mail, so I went into this wondering how it would be relevant or interesting. It's from CGP Grey, who can make the most mundane subject fascinating, and he does manage to make us care about ZIP codes by revealing their internal logic that you didn't know about.

Most countries use postal codes, but they use a variety of systems to assign those codes and make them work. Americans have a vague notion that our ZIP codes are geographic, but that's only part of the story. The Postal Service has their own geography that no one outside the industry understands. It works, but it's a system that was launched in 1963 designed for mail that was hand-sorted. Halfway through this video, we switch from the US system to the Irish postal system, which is designed for machine-sorting and will blow your mind. It's totally ingenious and has a lot of benefits, up until the moment the power goes out.

When you consider how many cybercriminals are able to force their way into people's bank accounts, you might be impressed with how easy it is to guess someone's PIN (personal identification number). It's a factor of a what PIN people choose, and too many people select one that is easy to remember and therefore simple to guess. There are 10,000 four-digit number combinations, but about 10% of all PINs are 1234. That would be a thieve's first guess.  

The grid above has a square for all 10,000 possible 4-digit numbers. The brighter ones are the most popular PINs for a reason. The diagonal line from the bottom left to the upper right are the PINs that use repeated digits. But what explains the brighter green rectangle on the bottom left? And why is there a bright green line going across? Those popular numbers are also the first to be tried. Find out why your PIN number is too easy to guess and how you can come up with a better one by reading this.  -via Damn Interesting

Every year, the company Meat & Livestock Australia puts their heart and soul into an ad campaign to get people eating local lamb meat. The ads over the last few years have been both funny and relatable, and the 2025 campaign is no exception. It's a live-action recreation of the internet, complete with comment sections represented by people in bleachers enjoying the show. Everyone's got something to say, but no one has anything to say that you haven't already heard. First, people disagree about whether the thing they've just seen is any good. Then they disagree about whether it's even real. Then they throw derogatory names and insults at each other. And those comments are floating among ads, unrelated jokes, and single emojis, which are not even worth logging in for. It's obvious that if real life were like the internet, we'd have to invent some alternate world to get away from it. The point is that no one agrees on anything, except the wonderful allure of grilled Australian lamb.  

Many of us grew up on Warner Bros. cartoons that contained a lot of sexual innuendo, but that was because they were written for adults, back in the days when all ages watched the same movies and animation wasn't specifically aimed at kids. Pee-wee's Playhouse, on the other hand, was a Saturday morning show written for children. However, Paul Reubens, the artist behind Pee-wee, wasn't above some suggestive double entendres, which flew over the heads of little children, but delighted their parents and other adults.

These jokes walked a fine line, since Pee-wee's Playhouse avidly promoted good behavior such as friendship and sharing, but also acknowledged the silly side of life. When Pee-wee or the other characters "went there," they had a thick layer of plausible deniability for anyone who might complain, but if you knew what they were alluding to, you just knew. The exceptions are a couple of instances of Pee-wee looking up someone's dress, which all children of the 80s knew was just naughty enough to be funny. Don't expect anything shocking in a list of eight Pee-wee's Playhouse scenes that could be classified as dirty jokes, but you will be impressed by their cleverness in being something that could be blamed on your dirty mind instead of the writers having a good time.   

The bigger the boy, the bigger the toy -or at least more of them. YouTuber Brutal Menace has plenty of Hot Wheels tracks, and he makes good use of them. He's turned his entire house into a track, complete with speed boosters! What's even better, he rigged a car with a camera so we can get a thrill from the point of view of the hypothetical tiny driver. Watch as this car zips around the house at different levels, loops the loop, and enters dark tunnels. Then it goes outside for a wild ride through the back yard which includes a fire tunnel and more loop-the-loops, through pipes and all the way across the street before the track runs out. The effect is like watching a roller coaster POV video, but it also makes you want to try something like this yourself, which a roller coaster video doesn't do, for me at least. -via Geeks Are Sexy

The Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union went on for around 45 years. The people of the two nuclear powers watched for signs of an attack constantly. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, no one was really sure how to wind down a Cold War. Would the US take advantage of the situation? Would Russia be as belligerent as the USSR once was? Meanwhile, people kept doing their jobs, some better than others. In 1995, when Norway planned to launch a rocket for scientific study, the government notified all its neighbors and allies, including Russia, but the word didn't get to the actual Russian radio technicians in the field. They were Soviet-trained to look for incoming nuclear missiles and determine the level of danger within ten minutes. This rocket looked like a nuclear missile, and traveled like a nuclear missile. They made the call to take the "nuclear suitcase," which contained the codes for a nuclear attack against the US, to Russian President Boris Yeltsin.

Of course, we know the incident did not lead to a Russian nuclear attack, because it if had, we either wouldn't be here or we would have remembered that day. But as it was, the 1995 nuclear scare is said to have been the closest we've ever come to nuclear war, despite very few people knowing what really happened. Read the story yourself at Smithsonian.

(Image credit: NASA/Wallops)

You know those movies where a relationship is on a slow simmer for years and years? The one that comes to mind is When Harry Met Sally. That's sort of the way that Marmy came into Ariel Harris' life. Marmy is short for Orange Marmalade, and it's hard to believe that this fluffy orange cat was feral. Maybe he would be better described as a long term stray, since he wanted to be her cat from the very start. Ariel was accommodating to the cat that constantly hung around her house. Marmy was shy but persistent, waiting six years for just the right moment to make that step inside and become a house cat. That moment finally came when Marmy was suffering and wasn't able to avoid contact with Ariel and her husband. But he adjusted well to domestic life, and is devoted to his humans. You can follow Marmy's adventures at Instagram. 

A new line of research involves attaching tiny QR codes to individual honeybees, which interact with a sensor at the entrance to the hive. Each bee has a unique code, so that its behavior can be analyzed in fine detail. The system is akin to employees wearing badges into office buildings that record what time they arrive and leave. The tags are tiny and do not interfere with the bees' everyday activities. This invasion of the bees' privacy has already yielded results, such as the fact that beed live about twice as long as previously thought- two months as opposed to one month. The main goal is to determine how far bees travel to forage for nectar.

You might be impressed with this use of modern technology, or you may be repelled by the idea of bees being treated like this. But my mind went straight to the plight of the poor graduate students who were tasked with attaching 32,000 QR tags to individual bees. You have to wonder how many stings they had to deal with. Read more about the research and what we've learned about bees from it at Gizmodo.

(Image credit: Andrea Fabiani Ph)

We've been told over and over again how smart crows are, but they still astonish us now and then. Logically, we know that flying should be more thrilling than anything humans can do, but we all know in our hearts how much fun it is to slide down a snowy hill. This crow has commandeered a piece of trash to act as a sled! Or, more accurately, a snowboard since he stands up on it. He flies up to the top of the snow bank, then slides down on his snowboard. When the snowboard gets away, he chases after it before some other crow can get it.

Give them a little time, and the entire flock (or murder) will be raiding the garbage for flat pieces of plastic. Then they'll organize their own X games to compete with each other. After all, crows are pretty smart. -via Nag on the Lake