In 1944, Germany and other Nazi-occupied territories suffered greatly from new and powerful Allied bombers. They brainstormed for a defense against such bombing attacks, and one project had the benefit of not requiring highly trained pilots. That's because they did not need to take off or land their aircraft, the Bachem Ba 349 Natter. The plane would be launched vertically on its rocket engine, much like later space flights. The plane was made mostly of wood, and wasn't expected to survive a mission. After the pilot launched missiles at the Allied bombers, the pilot would eject and he and the rocket engine would separately parachute to the ground.
Did it work? Not at first, because production was rushed. Not at second, either, because failed tests slowed down development. And then the war was over. But the Bachem Ba 349 Natter proved that vertical aircraft takeoff was possible, so the research that went into this seemingly hare-brained idea wasn't a complete waste. Read about the Bachem Ba 349 Natter at Amusing Planet.
(Image source: Wikimedia Commons)