These days, there are roughly 200 Renaissance fairs and festivals held in the US every year. They serve as a glorious opportunity for cosplayers and historical re-enactors, as well as artists, craftspeople, actors, dancers, teachers, and historians. Even if you're just a spectator, they can be a lot of fun. The very first Ren fair was held in Southern California in 1963, the brainchild of Phyllis Patterson, who taught history, speech, dance, and drama until 1960. Sometimes she explained that she left teaching to become a stay-at-home mother, while other times she declared she didn't want to sign California's loyalty pledge that had been enacted in the wake of Joseph McCarthy's Red Scare campaign. Patterson made friends with many creative types, actors, writers, etc. who were out of work because they were blacklisted for being suspected of communist leanings. And when creative people have time on their hands, you get ideas like a Renaissance fair.
The first fair was so popular, they did it again year after year, growing exponentially. During the Summer of Love in 1967, the fair became associated with the counterculture and drug-using hippies, and local resistance made getting permits difficult. But despite those battles, Patterson's fairs grew and multiplied, and became more popular than ever. Read the story of the first Renaisance fair and those that followed at Smithsonian.
(Image credit: R'lyeh Imaging)