In 1897, Bram Stoker's novel Dracula introduced the world to the perfect villain, the terrifying vampire who defined horror monsters for more than a century -so far. Countless studies examine the various inspirations for the character of Dracula, many of them leading to Vlad the Impaler, although the historic Romanian ruler added little to the novel besides his name. Another inspiration came from Stoker's mother, whose childhood memories include a cholera outbreak in her hometown of Sligo in Ireland. The 1832 outbreak killed more than 10% of the town's population, but that wasn't the most horrifying detail. Marion McGarry of the Sligo Stoker Society explains.
McGarry says Stoker was inspired by a grisly account of that epidemic written by his mother, Charlotte Thornley, who hid from the plague in her home before she fled Sligo with her family. Thornley’s essay remained unpublished and buried in a Dublin archive until the Society studied the text and, last year, had it widely circulated.
“Bram as an adult asked his mother to write down her memories of the epidemic for him, and he supplemented this using his own historic research of Sligo’s epidemic,” says McGarry. “Scratching beneath the surface (of this essay), I found parallels with Dracula. [For instance,] Charlotte says cholera enters port towns having traveled by ship, and can travel overland as a mist—just like Dracula, who infects people with his unknown contagion.”
The strongest link McGarry found, though, was between Dracula’s liminal state—being simultaneously dead and conscious—and Thornley’s description of cholera victims who were buried alive. Stoker was morbidly fascinated by this detail. So much so that the working title for his novel was The Undead, before his publisher later changed it to Dracula.
Read more on the connection between Sligo's cholera outbreak and Stoker's vampire at Atlas Obscura.
(Image credit: Nick)