In 1848, obstetrician Ignaz Semmelweis suggested that doctors should wash their hands between patients, and was laughed at. Then doctors started learning about germ theory, and medical sanitation rose, especially in surgery, where the danger of infection was particularly high.
Dr. William Stewart Halsted, a prominent surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, insisted that his entire surgical team not only wash their hands, but douse them in various germ-killing chemicals. Those chemicals caused massive irritation on the sensitive hands of his top assistant, nurse Caroline Hampton. So in 1889, Halstead had a couple pairs of rubber gloves custom-made for her. This was for Hampton's protection, not the patient's, but post-surgical infections dropped as more of his team started wearing rubber gloves. Some doctors rebelled against the gloves because they would surely affect sensation and fine motors skills, but that argument was eventuallyput to rest by improving the gloves. Read about the genesis of surgical gloves at Amusing Planet.
(Image credit: Wellcome Collection)
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