We all know about Mount Rushmore and the Great Sphinx of Giza, both carved in situ without the intention of ever being moved.  Such sculptures are often referred to as living rock.  Others, like these, are not so well known. From places you may expect to find them, such as Iran and Saudi Arabia to the far flung reaches of Ethiopia and Bangladesh, most were carved in ancient times.  In almost all cases there are no extant records which explain how they were built without the aid of modern technology.  Yet here they are.

Quazen blog has a list of 9 incredible architectures sculpted out of rocks:

China has many a Buddha dotted throughout its extraordinary landscapes but the Giant Buddha of Leshan is unique in that it was carved directly out of the cliff face - just look at the people at the feet of the statue. The sculpture, which is seventy one meters (or over three hundred feet) tall dwarfs the tourists that flock to see it. It is positioned so that it faces Mount Emei and stands at the meeting place of three rivers. Although the Government of China has promised a restoration program, the statue has suffered from the effects of pollution, particularly over the last twenty years. Fortunately, the statue was not damaged in the Sichuan earthquake of 2008.

Link

From the Upcoming ueue, submitted by taliesyn30.