Jane Elliott’s Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes Experiment on Racism

By Alex in Baby & Kids, Politics on Mar 27, 2009 at 1:49 pm


Photo: Charlotte Button

After Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968, school teacher Jane Elliott wanted to teach her third-grade class about racism. Rather than a lengthy discussion about it, she decided to show the 8-year-olds what racism is all about in a famous "experiment":

With King shot just the day before in Memphis, Elliott encouraged her third-graders to discuss how something so horrible could happen.

"I finally said, ‘Do you kids have any idea how it feels to be something other than white in this country?’ "

The children shook their heads and said they wanted to learn, so Elliott set the rules. Blue-eyed children must use a cup to drink from the fountain. Blue-eyed children must leave late to lunch and to recess. Blue-eyed children were not to speak to brown-eyed children. Blue-eyed children were troublemakers and slow learners.

Within 15 minutes, Elliott says, she observed her brown-eyed students morph into youthful supremacists and blue-eyed children become uncertain and intimidated.

Brown-eyed children "became domineering and arrogant and judgmental and cool," she says. "And smart! Smart! All of a sudden, disabled readers were reading. I thought, ‘This is not possible, this is my imagination.’ And I watched bright, blue-eyed kids become stupid and frightened and frustrated and angry and resentful and distrustful. It was absolutely the strangest thing I’d ever experienced."

Corina Knoll of the Los Angeles Times has the story: Link


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  1. burninglily
    Mar 27th, 2009 at 2:07 pm

    I was very moved by this story, and enlightened as well. My twin brother and I had a teacher similar to this in grade school, and I was greatly moved.

  2. Matt Blank
    Mar 27th, 2009 at 2:30 pm

    What a great story. It’s a shame that today, the teacher would most definitely be sued.

  3. runofthelamb
    Mar 27th, 2009 at 2:31 pm

    my teacher did the same thing with me in third grade.
    It was a pretty neat experiment. Everything went as planned. Something I won’t forget.

  4. eni
    Mar 27th, 2009 at 2:59 pm

    We talked about this in one of my classes this week, in relation to the genocide in Rwanda. Scary.

  5. monia
    Mar 27th, 2009 at 3:12 pm

    I remember being grouped by eye color and doing an experiment in elem. school once. What I remember most was that no one could figure out what color my eyes were so I had to stand in a group all by myself. it didn’t bother me though. I felt special.

  6. Josh
    Mar 27th, 2009 at 4:12 pm

    I had to learn about this in Ethics class. We watched a video about it but I cannot remember the name.

  7. Kalel
    Mar 27th, 2009 at 4:59 pm

    It makes me wonder how gradeschoolers would fare in the Stanford Prison Experiment, the little brutes.

  8. Frau
    Mar 27th, 2009 at 6:12 pm

    I remember watching this in school. I could not remember the name of it though.

  9. Robin
    Mar 27th, 2009 at 9:05 pm

    I think it’s creepy to use students in social experiments. That’s not the teacher’s job. She made her point by letting kids suffer. She had no right.

  10. ted
    Mar 27th, 2009 at 9:21 pm

    Nice. Making kids cry in the name of social awareness.

  11. Kathy
    Mar 27th, 2009 at 10:13 pm

    That had no lasting harm I’m sure. I’m sure it had an impact, and it taught them something valuable.

  12. Timm
    Mar 28th, 2009 at 4:52 am

    You can thank psychiatry and psychiatrists for modern day racism. They are constantly striving to exploit diferences in people and determine what is superior and inferior. Just look at Nazi Germany – all of it was constructed by psychiatrists..

    But no one has the heart to look at it for what it is…

  13. ted
    Mar 28th, 2009 at 8:19 am

    Thanks for the laugh, Timm. Nice to see you’re still persisting in your delusion.

  14. gwiz665
    Mar 28th, 2009 at 10:00 am

    We watched http://www.videosift.com/video/The-Wave-A-movie-about-cults in my school, which basically is a dramatization of this experiment. Very interesting.

  15. Steohawk
    Mar 28th, 2009 at 2:20 pm

    This experiment is interesting, but it means nothing unless the results are analyzed. Of course, I have no degree in the social sciences, but I believe that I’m just as qualified to have an opinion about human beings, seeing as how I am one.

    Consider the fact that the kids were already on the bottom of a social hierarchy. They were order-takers and the teacher was an order-giver. Being at the bottom of a social hierarchy can adversely affect a person’s mood, which can make it harder to learn and solve problems. The blue-eyed kids were placed in an even lower class, which made them even “dumber” than they were already.

    On the other hand, being in a relatively higher class can adversely affect a person’s empathy. Although the brown-eyed kids weren’t elevated to a higher class, they did become a middle-class when the blue-eyed kids were demoted. As a result, the brown-eyed kids were happier and less empathic.

    However, this experiment doesn’t illustrate the positive effects of social equality. For that, we need to look at the Spanish Revolution. When class distinctions were abolished, the people became happier and more empathic, which increased their intelligence and productivity. The libertarian communes became freer, more prosperous, and more peaceful. Unfortunately, they were outnumbered by their fascist enemies and betrayed by their Marxist allies, thus leading to their defeat.

    Compare the Spanish Revolution to the various Marxist revolutions that have occured, in which members of the lower-class replace the higher-class. This creates an even greater social hierarchy, which results in increased oppression, poverty, and strife.

    Bear in mind that people have free will. Our position in society can influence our emotions, but it doesn’t control us. If we treat people as equals, we can be happier and more empathic.

  16. Rocky
    Mar 28th, 2009 at 2:36 pm

    Very eloquently put, Steohawk. It’s all too clear that both the author and the subject have a chip on their shoulders. A black God? Well, whatever floats your ark.

    The objective of the experiment isn’t all that clear, anyway. Wasn’t she introducing a bias into her own science experiment here? Is the observer supposed to do this?

  17. The Foreigner
    Mar 29th, 2009 at 11:18 am

    Heard about this way back when in university in a freshman psych or sociology class. The results are interesting of course, but I seem to recall the prof saying these types of experiments on children are now considered unethical.

    (The children never gave their consent to be used as the teacher’s lab rats. Moreover, the teacher had no idea if there would be lasting effects.)

  18. Nicholas Dollak
    Mar 29th, 2009 at 9:53 pm

    Interesting how the low-achievers did better once they were made part of an “in” group, and vice-versa. As I often say, “People are only as stupid as they want to be.” If one believes oneself to be inferior, of course they’ll fail. It takes strength of character to ignore social conditioning and reach one’s true potential.

    The real trick to doing well, though, is not to feel superior to others, but to view all as equals. Hitler & his thugs thought they were superior. But Gandhi cleaned latrines with untouchables, and Einstein once insisted that he not be exempt from handing over his wallet to an armed robber in a diner.

  19. Robolasse
    Mar 30th, 2009 at 4:22 am

    Is it possible somehow to opt-out of the human race? I mean, as leaving the planet just isn’t realistic?

  20. Persephone
    Mar 30th, 2009 at 1:11 pm

    You can infer multiple ideas from the experiment:

    Children become what they are told they are.

    People are sheep.

    People like having power over other people.

    1984 and Idiocracy are both true prophetic visions.

    People will do what they are told to their own detriment.

    People suck.

  21. Scooter
    Mar 31st, 2009 at 12:27 pm

    uh, I have green eyes.. so am I now your god?

  22. TeyJay
    May 23rd, 2009 at 10:43 am

    When I was in elementary school a teacher of mine tried this experiment. Although she did it a different way. She told us research had said that blue-eye children where better than non-blue eye children. She began sorting us by blue eye and non-blue eye children.
    Then began to allow the blue eye children to talk among themselves while the non blue eye children had to be quiet.
    Someone in the class protested about this and stated that it was illegal. They continued to protest till the teacher stopped the ‘experiment’ and told us the truth.

    I spoke to someone later about this situation and they stated that the person protesting may have saved the teacher’s job as the teacher did not inform anyone of the ‘experiment’ and did not obtain permission.

    I remember this because I always wondered why the person protested about the situation. To me it showed that if you think something is wrong you need to stand up be counted.

  23. KidReviewer
    Sep 20th, 2009 at 1:09 pm

    Just watched this pbs video with my dad: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/divided/

    This was NOT a lesson in how kids will treat each other differently based on eye color, or based on being separated. There may be things to be learned from that simple idea, but this was much different. This was an example of how kids will react when they are told they are inferior/superior by a trustworthy authority figure, someone they are asked to trust the judgement of every day, someone whom they must obey or be spanked at home. She, not the kids, equated the eye color to behaviors. They just reflected what she said. “Boy X is forgetful, what does that tell us about others with his eye color?” Girl X is stupid, etc. That was an experiment in propaganda and mind manipulation, not in being different. The kids were already different, and made no bones about it, had friends with different hair color, eye color, etc. This was an experiment similar to Nazi techniques. Very creepy. She told them they were stupid, and they performed more poorly, it didn’t matter if she did it by groups or not. The kids didn’t ‘infer’ any negative attributes, she overtly stated them as fact. Would it be considered acceptable teaching technique to tell kids they were stupid regardless of the eye color setup, and then make a video about how that affected them? That’s what she did. The kids would have been happy to be friends across groups, but she forbade it. It’s a lesson about the danger of media and public schools, both of which can promote a single approved agenda to every corner. Little else is more powerful than those two organizations in shaping culture.

    KidReviewer

  24. La Serena
    Nov 19th, 2009 at 4:58 pm

    Interesting thread. Timm needs to read some history of white supremacy–Madison Grant and Lothrop Stoddard, for instance. And KidReviewer–or his dad–misses the point. We DO condition children to believe things we adults tell them–that’s EXACTLY what Jane Elliott is trying to show. Kalel is absolutely right to bring up the Stanford Prison Experiment. Check it out, folks–the “them” ain’t so different from “us.”

  25. Bec
    Dec 9th, 2009 at 2:44 am

    If you are trying to show a group of children about discrimination and you deliberately design set rules for the children to follow, knowing which things would make the children feel uneasy and knowing which things would (punish) children, that have done nothing wrong, how can you then be suprised at the result? Sounds to me as though the teacher needed a lesson more then the children. This did not show anything other then how the abuse of authority can lead to undesired results (sickly enough, this was a desired result and deliberate manipulation.

    The use of statistics is well over rated, is poorly delivered and the biggest cause bias and discrimination. Reporting findings as fact is pure wrong.

  26. mees
    Apr 29th, 2010 at 8:56 am

    I think she is a great women for standing for the rights of other races until you are considered colored you have no idea what i feels like to be discriminated against. I know this first hand my husband is African American and I am Hispanic.

  27. mees
    Apr 29th, 2010 at 8:59 am

    She gives people a sample a very small sample of how it feels like to be discriminated against. Her work is amazing and her efforts might reach global success one day in a world of discrimination.


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