What Caused the Viking Age?

From the late eighth to the mid-eleventh centuries, Vikings invaded community after community across Europe and even parts of Asia and the western hemisphere. According to a new study published in the current issue of Antiquity, the reason behind all that travel is -a shortage of wives!
An intriguing archaeological clue is that much of the bounty plundered from Britain — particularly from monasteries — wound up later in the graves of Viking wives. The items included precious metals, fine cloth, jewelry and other handicrafts.

Barrett's analysis of Nordic historical records found that Scandinavian men often served as warriors, frequently forming "military brotherhoods," until they were able to marry and establish their own households, which were key to prestige and power.

The Vikings themselves may have caused the shortage, by practicing female infanticide. Link -via Metafilter

(image credit: henribergius)

Interesting article, though I think it is too apt to dismiss climate change as a factor. The (albeit poor) climatological records we have of this age show shifts in weather patterns that correspond to Viking activity. The hypothesis suggests that colder weather would drive cod populations into more southerly waters. Cod was a staple in the diet of vikings as well as European militias as it could be stored for over a year without spoilage if dried properly. Pursuing cod that migrated away from iceland and scandinavia, the vikings would come into contact with other Europeans. Pursuing cod south from Greenland would lead to the discovery of America. Though a shortage of lovin' would certainly be motivation enough for viking exploits, it need not be considered the only factor.
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The theory that Vikings suffered from a shortage of women reminded me of a story I just read in the Boston Globe. It talks about how archeologists are currently finding evidence that vindicates Heinrich Schliemann. He thought that the modern-day hill of Hisarlik in Turkey was the ruins of the ancient city of Troy from Homer's Illiad. His theory was thought to have been discredited, but more recently cuneiform tables written in Hittite have been unearthed at the site. They date from a layer with evidence of pillaging and burning, and they mention invaders with names very close to Homer's Achaeans. On the fourth page of the article:

http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2008/09/28/hidden_histories/?page=4

The journalist reports that probably Homer's Greeks came to Troy to steal women. Greek noblemen had large harems, which created a shortage of women ad left ordinary Greeks without wives, motivating them to raid other cities to rape and steal their women.
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