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Look at the size of this moth -it’s 11 inches across! This is the Atlas moth, the largest moth species in the world. The wings have transparent “windows” that are not holes, but translucent tissue. See many more pictures of this gorgeous moth at Environmental Graffiti. Link
(Image credit: Flickr user fabianfred)
The German-based production team know as Polynoid is a collaboration of Jan Bitzer, Ilija Brunck, Csaba Letay, Fabian Pross and Tom Weber, all design, music and storytelling geniuses. This 5-minute film, Loom, took one year to create.
It’s creepy but oddly mesmerizing. If you’re an arachnophobe, this might not be the best animation for you. But I watched it and, rather than being terrified, I was awed. The only time I really squicked was in the spinneret shot near the end.
Underwater caterpillars don’t turn into butterflies or moths, because they are dead, right? Not so for twelve species of caterpillars that live in Hawaii. Evolutionary biologist Daniel Rubinoff, who has been studying moth genus Hyposmocoma for seven years, said he couldn’t believe it the first time he spotted a caterpillar living underwater.
They usually eat algae or lichen, and build silk cases — which one species even adorns with bird feathers — for shelter and camouflage. They spin silk drag lines to withstand the high pressure of fast floodwaters.
Unlike other amphibious creatures that can survive underwater on stored oxygen but must come back up for air, these caterpillars can spend several weeks without ever breaking the surface, according to the paper, which was published online on Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
It isn’t yet clear how the insects do it. Rubinoff and co-worker Patrick Schmitz of the University of Hawaii did not find any water-blocking stopper over the caterpillars’ tracheae or evidence of gills. The animals drowned quickly when kept in standing water, so they seem to need the higher levels of oxygen present in running water, and probably absorb it directly through pores in their body, the scientists said.
Scientists have been puzzled over the purpose of the Tiger Moth’s tymbal organ membrane, which is able to vibrate at ultrasonic frequencies. The consensus is that it serves as a warning to bats, since the moths are able to retain poisons harvested from host plants. Scientists believed the moths who were poisonous were warning the bats, and those that weren’t were faking it anyways.
New experiments by Aaron Corcoran of Wake Forest University, however, have confirmed another theory: the moths are actually using the fast paced clicking to jam the bats’ echolocation. It is the first evidence of sonar jamming in nature:
Normally, a bat attack starts with relatively intermittent sounds. They then increase in frequency—up to 200 cries per second—as the bat gets closer to the moth “so it knows where the moth is at that critical moment,” Corcoran explains. But his research showed that just as bats were increasing their click frequency, moths “turn on sound production full blast,” clicking at a rate of up to 4,500 times a second. This furious clicking by the moths reversed the bats’ pattern—the frequency of bat sonar decreased, rather than increased, as it approached its prey, suggesting that it lost its target.
From the Upcoming 
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Caterpillars of the Great Peacock Moth (Saturnia pyri) are making quite a buzz. A recent study has shown that these giant silkmoth caterpillars are advertising acoustically that they are unpallatable and warn of an upcoming defense strategy.
When disturbed by a would be attacker the caterpillars stridulate by rubbing their mouth parts together, creating broadband chirps spanning from 3.7-55.1 kHz. While it is still unclear who exactly they are advertising to, a predator would be well advised to stay away from their sharp, chemical exuding bristles.
Though is not the first example of sound production in caterpillars it is a novel mechanism, paving the way for future research. (Photo: V. Bura)
Saturnia pyri chirp before or while they ooze foul-smelling droplets from their bristles. So the chirps might be a warning to attackers that there’s some serious resistance on the way, Yack and her colleagues propose online and in an upcoming Naturwissenschaften.
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The world of moths is one that we’ll probably never fully understand, but a recent study by Rothamsted Research brings us one step closer:
Moths that fly high above our heads throughout the night are not at the mercy of the wind but use a sophisticated internal compass which can help them travel up to 400 miles in a single flight . . . While it is not clear how the creatures – in this case, the Silver Y moth – actually navigate between sunset and sunrise, researchers from the UK and Germany have found that the insects can judge the best conditions for flight based on direction and windspeed, selecting the fastest moving layers of atmosphere so, with their own speed of 10mph, can cruise at speeds of up to 55 mph.
In other words, moths are smarter and faster than many of us have imagined.
(Image by Everything is Permuted)
