Grant Thompson, a/k/a the King of Random (previously at Neatorama), uses his handmade, reusable charcoal foundry to melt scrap metal (in this case, soda cans) to extract the aluminum. The aluminum ingots that are the result of this project will be melted and reformed in future projects.
Most of the comments on previous aluminum casters I've seen also high recommend avoiding using aluminum cans, as they tend to oxidize too much and get too much junk in the aluminum ingot that will weaken the casting, even with removing the dross. You can add various things to the aluminum to help impurities separate out, and having some aluminum from a different source to get a pool started can help if you are quick at melting the cans though. But instead I've heard of people watching curbs for things like broken lawn mowers that have a cast aluminum engine that can be broken down to give higher quality aluminum for projects.