Halloween is coming up soon and what better time to talk about superstitions than a holiday focused on spirits and symbolism. Whether you’re superstitious or not, discovering the origins of these common beliefs is a fascinating look at religion and human psychology. So enjoy!
The fear of Friday the thirteenth and the fear of the number thirteen are both so common that they each even have their own psychological names, paraskevidekatiaphobia and triskaidekaphobia, respectively. But who ever decided that one number is unluckier than any other or why it’s particularly bad for the thirteenth day of the month to happen to fall on a Friday? As it turns out, there are a lot of reasons behind the superstitions surrounding the mystical number.
In Christianity, there were thirteen people at the Last Supper, including Judas who has been rumored as being the last person to sit at the table. In Viking lore, Loki was the thirteenth god and in the story of Norna-Gest, when uninvited guests showed up at an infant’s birthday party, bringing the number of guests up to thirteen, the last of the guests cursed the child. Even ancient Persians were weary of the number thirteen because they believed the twelve constellations of the Zodiac would each rule the earth for a thousand years, but after the cycle ended (in the thirteenth millennia), the sky and earth would collapse into chaos.
Interestingly, the fear of Friday the thirteenth is actually a relatively recent development. In fact, historians have found no evidence that anyone ever had talked about “Friday the thirteenth” until the 19th century and the earliest mention of the evils of the date were seen in an 1869 biography of Gioachino Rossini. Even then, the myth didn’t really get going until the 20th century, when Thomas W. Lawson’s novel Friday, the Thirteenth became a best seller. After the book became a household name, so did the stories about how unlucky the day was.
In reality, the idea of Friday the thirteenth being unlucky is most likely a result of the fact that both Fridays and the number thirteen are both considered unlucky. Friday has been considered unlucky since at least the 14th century, as Chaucer mentioned the superstition in The Canterbury Tales. The most likely reason for people to consider Fridays unlikely is that according to scripture, Jesus was crucified on a Friday. It doesn’t seem like much of a stretch to imagine that people decided that if Fridays are unlucky and the number thirteen is unlucky, then any time the thirteenth occurs of the Friday, it’s really unlucky.
The fear of Friday the thirteenth is still very common. In fact, around 19 million Americans are affected by a fear of the day and many are so scared that they refuse to leave their house on Friday the thirteenth. Accordingly, the Stress Management Center and Phobia Institute estimates that businesses lose around $850 million ever time the date rolls around on the calendar.
Sources: Wikipedia #1, #2
Images Via W.J.Pilsak [Flickr] and wiccked [Flickr]
When I was a kid, I was told that this superstition came about because in medieval times it would cost an average person seven years to save enough money to buy a mirror. As it turns out, this is bull hockey and the origin of the superstition is a lot more spiritual and a lot older than the one I was told.
The Romans were the first people to create glass mirrors. They also believed that their invention had the potential to steal part of the soul of the person using it. If a person’s reflection were distorted while using a mirror, then their soul would be corrupted and trapped as a result. Fortunately, the Romans believed your soul could be renewed –after seven years time. Until that point though, the person would suffer from bad luck since they did not have a whole, healthy soul to fight off evil.
If a person wanted to shed their bad luck a little sooner, there were a few methods to free your soul including grinding all the pieces of the mirror into a fine dust or burying the pieces under a tree during a full moon. While these options seem a little challenging, they still seem way easier than waiting seven full years to get your soul renewed.
Source
Image Via eeekays photography [Flickr]
Here’s one that never made sense to me. After all, how is taping on wood going to prevent you from jinxing yourself? As it turns out, the logic behind the superstition makes a lot of sense when you learn the beliefs of those who originated it.
This expression comes from Pagans, who believed that all living materials were imbued with spiritual properties, including trees. When they were cut down though, the spirit inside the tree would die and become hollow. It was at this point that evil spirits, like sprites, could take over the item and concoct ways to ruin the plans and hopes of people in the area. Fortunately, if someone knocked on the wood, it would drive away the malevolent spirits and prevent any potential misfortunes from occurring.
Source
Image Via Larry He's So Fine [Flickr]
While most Western cultures consider black cats to be bad luck, many areas of the UK consider them to be a good omen. In fact, it’s likely because the Pagan groups from these areas considered them to be good luck for so long that early Christians started spreading stories of the cats being evil. Specifically, these stories often tied black cats to witches, which makes a lot of sense given that they also accused Pagans of being witches.
Source
Image Via DrL [Wikipedia]
This has always seemed like the most rational of the more common superstitions. After all, if you walk under a ladder, you’re pretty likely to have something fall on your head from the top of the ladder. But that’s not the only reason that walking under a ladder is considered to be unlucky.
As it turns out, early Christians felt the triangle was a sacred sign that represented the Holy Trinity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. When a ladder was pushed against a building, it would form the shape of a triangle, and thus, by walking under it, you were breaking the triangle. This was such a bad thing to do that early Christians would often label anyone who walked under a ladder to be a witch in league with Satan –and that could be even more dangerous than having a hammer fall on your head.
Source
Image Via Alastair Thompson [Flickr]
Most people know that it has historically been considered bad luck to spill salt, largely because it was considered so valuable in olden times. There is also a story that says Judas spilled salt at the Last Supper, making the act even more unlucky. That being said, it seems strange to remedy the bad luck by throwing more precious salt behind your left shoulder. There is a reason for that, though. That’s because in olden times, it was frequently said that the devil was always sitting just behind your left shoulder. When you wasted something as valuable as salt, it was important to keep the devil at bay by either blinding him by throwing salt in his eyes or by placating him by giving him an offering of salt. Whether you’re trying to hurt the devil or buy him off, it seems that throwing salt in his direction is a good way to get him off your back.
Source
Image Via Domiriel [Flickr]
If you’ve ever thought it was a bit gruesome to carry around the foot of a rabbit for good luck, consider the fact that some cultures say the rabbit’s foot is actually the foot of a dead witch who was killed while in her familiar form.
Interestingly, rabbits feet have been a symbol of good luck since at least 600 BC when Celtic people in England would kill rabbits possessing certain attributes that were seen as beneficial to the bearer of the lucky charm. While there is no documented evidence to show one way or another how this tradition got started, some folklorists believe it was started by the pre-Celtic hunter clans who introduced young males to hunting by sending them out to catch a rabbit. On their first successful attempt, one of the rabbit’s hind feet would be removed and awarded to the boy in a ceremony that celebrated his journey into manhood.
Source
Image Via Sobebunny [Wikipedia]
Do you believe in any superstitions? If so, were they included here? I know plenty of our readers are from other countries, so if your culture has some interesting myths you know Americans have never heard of, I know I’m not the only one who would love to hear what you have to share.
Previously at Neatorama: Seven Strange Lucky Charms
Friday The Thirteenth
The fear of Friday the thirteenth and the fear of the number thirteen are both so common that they each even have their own psychological names, paraskevidekatiaphobia and triskaidekaphobia, respectively. But who ever decided that one number is unluckier than any other or why it’s particularly bad for the thirteenth day of the month to happen to fall on a Friday? As it turns out, there are a lot of reasons behind the superstitions surrounding the mystical number.
In Christianity, there were thirteen people at the Last Supper, including Judas who has been rumored as being the last person to sit at the table. In Viking lore, Loki was the thirteenth god and in the story of Norna-Gest, when uninvited guests showed up at an infant’s birthday party, bringing the number of guests up to thirteen, the last of the guests cursed the child. Even ancient Persians were weary of the number thirteen because they believed the twelve constellations of the Zodiac would each rule the earth for a thousand years, but after the cycle ended (in the thirteenth millennia), the sky and earth would collapse into chaos.
Interestingly, the fear of Friday the thirteenth is actually a relatively recent development. In fact, historians have found no evidence that anyone ever had talked about “Friday the thirteenth” until the 19th century and the earliest mention of the evils of the date were seen in an 1869 biography of Gioachino Rossini. Even then, the myth didn’t really get going until the 20th century, when Thomas W. Lawson’s novel Friday, the Thirteenth became a best seller. After the book became a household name, so did the stories about how unlucky the day was.
In reality, the idea of Friday the thirteenth being unlucky is most likely a result of the fact that both Fridays and the number thirteen are both considered unlucky. Friday has been considered unlucky since at least the 14th century, as Chaucer mentioned the superstition in The Canterbury Tales. The most likely reason for people to consider Fridays unlikely is that according to scripture, Jesus was crucified on a Friday. It doesn’t seem like much of a stretch to imagine that people decided that if Fridays are unlucky and the number thirteen is unlucky, then any time the thirteenth occurs of the Friday, it’s really unlucky.
The fear of Friday the thirteenth is still very common. In fact, around 19 million Americans are affected by a fear of the day and many are so scared that they refuse to leave their house on Friday the thirteenth. Accordingly, the Stress Management Center and Phobia Institute estimates that businesses lose around $850 million ever time the date rolls around on the calendar.
Sources: Wikipedia #1, #2
Images Via W.J.Pilsak [Flickr] and wiccked [Flickr]
Breaking A Mirror Causes Seven Years Bad Luck
When I was a kid, I was told that this superstition came about because in medieval times it would cost an average person seven years to save enough money to buy a mirror. As it turns out, this is bull hockey and the origin of the superstition is a lot more spiritual and a lot older than the one I was told.
The Romans were the first people to create glass mirrors. They also believed that their invention had the potential to steal part of the soul of the person using it. If a person’s reflection were distorted while using a mirror, then their soul would be corrupted and trapped as a result. Fortunately, the Romans believed your soul could be renewed –after seven years time. Until that point though, the person would suffer from bad luck since they did not have a whole, healthy soul to fight off evil.
If a person wanted to shed their bad luck a little sooner, there were a few methods to free your soul including grinding all the pieces of the mirror into a fine dust or burying the pieces under a tree during a full moon. While these options seem a little challenging, they still seem way easier than waiting seven full years to get your soul renewed.
Source
Image Via eeekays photography [Flickr]
Knock On Wood
Here’s one that never made sense to me. After all, how is taping on wood going to prevent you from jinxing yourself? As it turns out, the logic behind the superstition makes a lot of sense when you learn the beliefs of those who originated it.
This expression comes from Pagans, who believed that all living materials were imbued with spiritual properties, including trees. When they were cut down though, the spirit inside the tree would die and become hollow. It was at this point that evil spirits, like sprites, could take over the item and concoct ways to ruin the plans and hopes of people in the area. Fortunately, if someone knocked on the wood, it would drive away the malevolent spirits and prevent any potential misfortunes from occurring.
Source
Image Via Larry He's So Fine [Flickr]
Black Cats
While most Western cultures consider black cats to be bad luck, many areas of the UK consider them to be a good omen. In fact, it’s likely because the Pagan groups from these areas considered them to be good luck for so long that early Christians started spreading stories of the cats being evil. Specifically, these stories often tied black cats to witches, which makes a lot of sense given that they also accused Pagans of being witches.
Source
Image Via DrL [Wikipedia]
Walking Under A Ladder
This has always seemed like the most rational of the more common superstitions. After all, if you walk under a ladder, you’re pretty likely to have something fall on your head from the top of the ladder. But that’s not the only reason that walking under a ladder is considered to be unlucky.
As it turns out, early Christians felt the triangle was a sacred sign that represented the Holy Trinity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. When a ladder was pushed against a building, it would form the shape of a triangle, and thus, by walking under it, you were breaking the triangle. This was such a bad thing to do that early Christians would often label anyone who walked under a ladder to be a witch in league with Satan –and that could be even more dangerous than having a hammer fall on your head.
Source
Image Via Alastair Thompson [Flickr]
Throwing Salt Behind Your Shoulder
Most people know that it has historically been considered bad luck to spill salt, largely because it was considered so valuable in olden times. There is also a story that says Judas spilled salt at the Last Supper, making the act even more unlucky. That being said, it seems strange to remedy the bad luck by throwing more precious salt behind your left shoulder. There is a reason for that, though. That’s because in olden times, it was frequently said that the devil was always sitting just behind your left shoulder. When you wasted something as valuable as salt, it was important to keep the devil at bay by either blinding him by throwing salt in his eyes or by placating him by giving him an offering of salt. Whether you’re trying to hurt the devil or buy him off, it seems that throwing salt in his direction is a good way to get him off your back.
Source
Image Via Domiriel [Flickr]
Lucky Rabbit's Foot
If you’ve ever thought it was a bit gruesome to carry around the foot of a rabbit for good luck, consider the fact that some cultures say the rabbit’s foot is actually the foot of a dead witch who was killed while in her familiar form.
Interestingly, rabbits feet have been a symbol of good luck since at least 600 BC when Celtic people in England would kill rabbits possessing certain attributes that were seen as beneficial to the bearer of the lucky charm. While there is no documented evidence to show one way or another how this tradition got started, some folklorists believe it was started by the pre-Celtic hunter clans who introduced young males to hunting by sending them out to catch a rabbit. On their first successful attempt, one of the rabbit’s hind feet would be removed and awarded to the boy in a ceremony that celebrated his journey into manhood.
Source
Image Via Sobebunny [Wikipedia]
Do you believe in any superstitions? If so, were they included here? I know plenty of our readers are from other countries, so if your culture has some interesting myths you know Americans have never heard of, I know I’m not the only one who would love to hear what you have to share.
Previously at Neatorama: Seven Strange Lucky Charms
Huh? Did you mean bull pucky?
- Horseshoe brings good luck. So it's nailed above the door or somewhere.
- Four leaf clover brings good luck (or protects against bad luck). The idea is to keep one on your person, sometimes in the form of jewelery. Trying to find them in the grass was something we did as kids.
Did they get bored by any other numbers?
I've seen horseshoes in a lot of places and in basically two orientations, toe up or heel up ...and both positive and negative quips to justify intention. I'm a Smith, so I nail one to a hearth, toe up and say "I want all the luck to run out onto the anvil, where I need it". I made the shoe, and it was once on my horse ...it's still lucky.
It's lucky to SEE a black cat crossing your path (because then you won't trip up over it in the dark)
But it's unlucky for a black cat to cross your path if you DON'T see it (because you might fall over it in the dark!)
Ladders are obvious - things can fall on you, the whole ladder could slip and fall, etc.
Opening umbrellas inside, obvious again, a folded umbrella is a relatively small/compact object and it can be difficult to estimate its spread once opened. If you do this inside, the vanes can knock items off shelves or poke people. Best to do it with more space!
Putting (new) shoes on the table - clearly shoes on food-preparation surfaces is a bad idea, new or otherwise!
Even 'superstitions' (I use the word VERY broadly) such as Muslims not eating pork have common-sense backgrounds. In desert countries, before fridges were invented, food goes off very quickly. Pork, in particular, goes bad VERY fast. So many people got sick from it that a full blanket ban was imposed, along with the ultimate explanation/warning "God said so".
In fact, a lot of Islamic traditions make a lot of sense. Don't drink alcohol - it makes you do stupid things and ruins your body in excess.
Five times a day, every day, you have to take time off work (enforced breaks for labourers!), go somewhere with other people (being social!), wash your hands and your feet (cleanliness!) and stand up, kneel down, bend down, get up several times in succession (light exercise, for everyone, several times a day, every day!)
Such an excellent pattern of healthy behaviour for everyone! Admittedly, the "god says so" argument is wearing thin these days in an increasingly secular world, but the actual ACTS of having rests, being social, washing and exercising can only be good for people.
To me, the article sounds nearly sympathetic towards Pagans and what they were accused of. She even describes their earth-centered nature in the 'Knock on Wood' superstition. The fact that she's differentiating between them at all is an indicator. The article is merely presenting the old legends and crazy beliefs for historical reference, not truth. So don't get your knickers in a bunch.
2. never write anything to do with finances (signing receipts, writing checks, balancing checkbook etc.) with red ink or you will end up in the red.
3. seeing a lizard cross your path on your wedding day is good luck.
4. the ole stand-by of hanging a horseshoe over your door to either catch the good luck and keep it within the house or pour the good luck all over you if it hangs upside down (though i am WAY too superstitious to hang mine upside down).
5. a favourite from japanese feng shui: never position a bed where your feet will face the door while you are sleeping. that is how the dead are carried out (feet first).
6. there is one i vaguely remember (and perhaps inaccurately) that is to never let a cat near your infant, for fear it will steal the breath from the child. i think it stems from babies smelling like milk and the cat's being attracted to it. but i don't have kids or cats so i'm not worrying in that department yet.
cheers, y'all!
7. on the first day of every month say "Rabbit Rabbit" as soon as you wake up. it wishes you good luck for the entire new month.
I am totally gonna knock on wood all the time now :)
Oh, and laco, I sleep with my feet exactly facing my door.. Although that superstition kinda freaked me out, it doesn't scare me enough to make me rearrange my furniture.