Star-Shaped Fort of Bourtange

Oh, but there is plenty more or these star shaped forts all over Europe. The idea behind these crazy angles is to catch the enemy in crossfire where ever he is standing. Once the fortification engineers figured it out, it become fashionable so almost all forts and fortresses built in 17th and 18th centuries had this shape. Even older structures were retrofitted to resemble this plan.

I’ve been there. It’s quite nice.

There’s a star fort in Cape Town: The Cape Castle.

James Burke provided an excellent analysis of how star fortresses worked in his television series Connections. The angular battlements “fill in” areas in which besiegers could shelter from defenders’ fire, and the battlements could cover one another with withering cross-fire. Streets inside the fortress would be arranged to permit troops and guns to be transferred wherever they were needed as quickly as possible.

for more on the star forts :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_fort

and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vauban#Fortifications
A French architect who specialized on star forts.

http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_Nederlandse_vestingsteden_en_ve rsterkte_steden is the Dutch Wikipedia-site. It sites about 166 cities in the Netherlands alone that are or were fortified cities like bourtange. http://www.vestingsteden.nl/citylist.html?lang=nl gives about 20 Dutch cities (not small villages like Bourtange of Veere or plain forts with similar shape like Rammekens, Sabina, De Schans near Goedereede or Fort Rijnouwen near Utrecht) that still have their walls and moats mostly intact. That list doesn’t mention the Dutch cities that have -parts of- their mediaeval walls and/or moats still intact.

Only in the Netherlands.
And the most important reason all those walls and moats around cities still exist, is because at the critical time when the function of fortification was scrapped- they did’t have money to demolish them…. And only several decades later, some folks started to see their touristic value and now all those cities that demolshed theirs scream with envie and some try to bring back some traces of those walls and moats…

http://www.neatorama.com/2008/02/02/star-forts/

James Burke discusses star fortresses in episode 9, “Countdown,” in the TV series Connections. He covers the subject between approximately 3 minutes into the episode to 9 minutes.

I visited this village two years ago and enjoyed it very much. It’s well worth a visit if you’re ever in the northern part of The Netherlands.

The main explanation and all the comments so far seem to have missed one of the main points of the design. Yes – cross fire was important, but consider someone attacking one of these things without the benefit of aerial surveillance or a map. One of their main advantages is that, from the point of view of a stranger approaching on the ground, it’s just plain difficult to work out how to get in. Often you would have to work your way up between two stellations, only to discover that you’d picked the wrong pair and there wasn’t an entrance there at all.

There’s a really nice one in Lille, France – you have to pass through an outer ring of stellated defences (not knowing where you need to go, and probably with defenders dropping things on you from above) and then you’re faced with another inner set of stellated defences.

This is why spies drawing maps of defences were so important in those days.

I don’t think that the architector of this fortress could imagine how it would look like from air. Very beautifull!